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[209.132.180.67]) by mx.google.com with ESMTP id a19si492394eje.396.2019.12.02.12.28.27; Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:28:27 -0800 (PST) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of linux-pm-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 209.132.180.67 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.132.180.67; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; dkim=pass header.i=@linaro.org header.s=google header.b=UYf3GhON; spf=pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of linux-pm-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 209.132.180.67 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=linux-pm-owner@vger.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=NONE sp=NONE dis=NONE) header.from=linaro.org Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1727533AbfLBU20 (ORCPT + 10 others); Mon, 2 Dec 2019 15:28:26 -0500 Received: from mail-wm1-f65.google.com ([209.85.128.65]:54314 "EHLO mail-wm1-f65.google.com" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1727420AbfLBU2Z (ORCPT ); Mon, 2 Dec 2019 15:28:25 -0500 Received: by mail-wm1-f65.google.com with SMTP id b11so705549wmj.4 for ; Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:28:24 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=linaro.org; s=google; h=from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:in-reply-to:references :mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=J6TOUAUpf290Soz5pSkfNzyRRTkHTSc9qnKiA/fCb8o=; b=UYf3GhONDa27GK7l36RzzSk2ThG/2hBAsQ3uSAgaUtS0a/aCkVlsGJ97hM/ZKjOfdX XMpbYOHSnMGHOEy0cJQeUk4A3avr87X9HodGDQqyce3kL8BdFvb6oH2v01Gs6z66QlmP JF8FEISgylcS58SpyZET8BYfLxvKAF0kQu34NqnGGUXYsG9wUf5TFK/OWUjckerfskiw i0nmkCHGYlhIZ1jUQyV8apDMVB4iJGii3ypjJE4Sc4NYoJRsDClRTh/CahaXiQe9j9MP wG8unBQL2dw+CrS/AMTTolWDo98+qU/f3T6c81Bb1E2uKp3dUM5yPeSncXZUwqn43aMj /AIA== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:in-reply-to :references:mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=J6TOUAUpf290Soz5pSkfNzyRRTkHTSc9qnKiA/fCb8o=; b=SeIeHjvEz/zu3cGC9U9kznGRHJ6NeX6ldgjz6WU2fuc0MCRmUJtcMp3acPeI1j3qJ2 83gArOCZZycA9GUuANgnatAZ6rvxD7+WwEjtmCQp3eoUxb6HH0xMLz8bjICnMeR0iVSd Z/skRqVIs0Ks6ppobcgXmS0rv2rCpjB8X1xTwnMMxXYMtJDfWvnuUGrWRddJHmmP5whG 873oz0qWns/xfLsMlzJMpsFJV3EzYCX44SigsPbcMwkrJaPaWKidBKkSdGV+WwePciw0 r2ulr5XHuK6m7Q+vroqw7sHh+qPdnDXoUwJF316eClqfym7sH5QIdkpoSYb1urk15wjw 30dg== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAUTgSNfbS3PFi49w5dyJNTo3y6qeQL+xGTcjaMIi0+T85Gri59U kSDtmJvE4yuXvsqLFFT6uv3XTQ== X-Received: by 2002:a1c:2395:: with SMTP id j143mr29746361wmj.128.1575318503203; Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:28:23 -0800 (PST) Received: from localhost.localdomain ([2a01:e34:ed2f:f020:8196:cbcc:fb2c:4975]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id k20sm556456wmj.10.2019.12.02.12.28.21 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:28:22 -0800 (PST) From: Daniel Lezcano To: viresh.kumar@linaro.org, rui.zhang@intel.com Cc: rjw@rjwysocki.net, edubezval@gmail.com, linux-pm@vger.kernel.org, amit.kucheria@linaro.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH V2 2/4] thermal/drivers/cpu_cooling: Add idle cooling device documentation Date: Mon, 2 Dec 2019 21:28:13 +0100 Message-Id: <20191202202815.22731-2-daniel.lezcano@linaro.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.17.1 In-Reply-To: <20191202202815.22731-1-daniel.lezcano@linaro.org> References: <20191202202815.22731-1-daniel.lezcano@linaro.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Sender: linux-pm-owner@vger.kernel.org Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-pm@vger.kernel.org Provide some documentation for the idle injection cooling effect in order to let people to understand the rational of the approach for the idle injection CPU cooling device. Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano --- .../driver-api/thermal/cpu-idle-cooling.rst | 166 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 166 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/driver-api/thermal/cpu-idle-cooling.rst -- 2.17.1 Acked-by: Viresh Kumar diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/thermal/cpu-idle-cooling.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/thermal/cpu-idle-cooling.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..457cd9979ddb --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/thermal/cpu-idle-cooling.rst @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ + +Situation: +---------- + +Under certain circumstances a SoC can reach the maximum temperature +limit or is unable to stabilize the temperature around a temperature +control. When the SoC has to stabilize the temperature, the kernel can +act on a cooling device to mitigate the dissipated power. When the +maximum temperature is reached and to prevent a reboot or a shutdown, +a decision must be taken to reduce the temperature under the critical +threshold, that impacts the performance. + +Another situation is when the silicon reaches a certain temperature +which continues to increase even if the dynamic leakage is reduced to +its minimum by clock gating the component. The runaway phenomena will +continue with the static leakage and only powering down the component, +thus dropping the dynamic and static leakage will allow the component +to cool down. + +Last but not least, the system can ask for a specific power budget but +because of the OPP density, we can only choose an OPP with a power +budget lower than the requested one and underuse the CPU, thus losing +performances. In other words, one OPP under uses the CPU with a power +lesser than the power budget and the next OPP exceed the power budget, +an intermediate OPP could have been used if it were present. + +Solutions: +---------- + +If we can remove the static and the dynamic leakage for a specific +duration in a controlled period, the SoC temperature will +decrease. Acting at the idle state duration or the idle cycle +injection period, we can mitigate the temperature by modulating the +power budget. + +The Operating Performance Point (OPP) density has a great influence on +the control precision of cpufreq, however different vendors have a +plethora of OPP density, and some have large power gap between OPPs, +that will result in loss of performance during thermal control and +loss of power in other scenes. + +At a specific OPP, we can assume injecting idle cycle on all CPUs, +belonging to the same cluster, with a duration greater than the +cluster idle state target residency, we drop the static and the +dynamic leakage for this period (modulo the energy needed to enter +this state). So the sustainable power with idle cycles has a linear +relation with the OPP’s sustainable power and can be computed with a +coefficient similar to: + + Power(IdleCycle) = Coef x Power(OPP) + +Idle Injection: +--------------- + +The base concept of the idle injection is to force the CPU to go to an +idle state for a specified time each control cycle, it provides +another way to control CPU power and heat in addition to +cpufreq. Ideally, if all CPUs belonging to the same cluster, inject +their idle cycle synchronously, the cluster can reach its power down +state with a minimum power consumption and static leakage +drop. However, these idle cycles injection will add extra latencies as +the CPUs will have to wakeup from a deep sleep state. + + ^ + | + | + |------- ------- ------- + |_______|_____|_______|_____|_______|___________ + + <-----> + idle <----> + running + +With the fixed idle injection duration, we can give a value which is +an acceptable performance drop off or latency when we reach a specific +temperature and we begin to mitigate by varying the Idle injection +period. + +The mitigation begins with a maximum period value which decrease when +more cooling effect is requested. When the period duration is equal to +the idle duration, then we are in a situation the platform can’t +dissipate the heat enough and the mitigation fails. In this case the +situation is considered critical and there is nothing to do. The idle +injection duration must be changed by configuration and until we reach +the cooling effect, otherwise an additionnal cooling device must be +used or ultimately decrease the SoC performance by dropping the +highest OPP point of the SoC. + +The idle injection duration value must comply with the constraints: + +- It is lesser or equal to the latency we tolerate when the mitigation + begins. It is platform dependent and will depend on the user + experience, reactivity vs performance trade off we want. This value + should be specified. + +- It is greater than the idle state’s target residency we want to go + for thermal mitigation, otherwise we end up consuming more energy. + +Minimum period +-------------- + +The idle injection duration being fixed, it is obvious the minimum +period can’t be lesser than that, otherwise we will be scheduling the +idle injection task right before the idle injection duration is +complete, so waking up the CPU to put it asleep again. + +Maximum period +-------------- + +The maximum period is the initial period when the mitigation +begins. Theoretically when we reach the thermal trip point, we have to +sustain a specified power for specific temperature but at this time we +consume: + + Power = Capacitance x Voltage^2 x Frequency x Utilisation + +... which is more than the sustainable power (or there is something +wrong on the system setup). The ‘Capacitance’ and ‘Utilisation’ are a +fixed value, ‘Voltage’ and the ‘Frequency’ are fixed artificially +because we don’t want to change the OPP. We can group the +‘Capacitance’ and the ‘Utilisation’ into a single term which is the +‘Dynamic Power Coefficient (Cdyn)’ Simplifying the above, we have: + + Pdyn = Cdyn x Voltage^2 x Frequency + +The IPA will ask us somehow to reduce our power in order to target the +sustainable power defined in the device tree. So with the idle +injection mechanism, we want an average power (Ptarget) resulting on +an amount of time running at full power on a specific OPP and idle +another amount of time. That could be put in a equation: + + P(opp)target = ((trunning x (P(opp)running) + (tidle P(opp)idle)) / + (trunning + tidle) + ... + + tidle = trunning x ((P(opp)running / P(opp)target) - 1) + +At this point if we know the running period for the CPU, that gives us +the idle injection, we need. Alternatively if we have the idle +injection duration, we can compute the running duration with: + + trunning = tidle / ((P(opp)running / P(opp)target) - 1) + +Practically, if the running power is lesses than the targeted power, +we end up with a negative time value, so obviously the equation usage +is bound to a power reduction, hence a higher OPP is needed to have +the running power greater than the targeted power. + +However, in this demonstration we ignore three aspects: + + * The static leakage is not defined here, we can introduce it in the + equation but assuming it will be zero most of the time as it is + difficult to get the values from the SoC vendors + + * The idle state wake up latency (or entry + exit latency) is not + taken into account, it must be added in the equation in order to + rigorously compute the idle injection + + * The injected idle duration must be greater than the idle state + target residency, otherwise we end up consuming more energy and + potentially invert the mitigation effect + +So the final equation is: + + trunning = (tidle - twakeup ) x + (((P(opp)dyn + P(opp)static ) - P(opp)target) / P(opp)target )