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+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Test qcow2 images with extended L2 entries
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2019-2020 Igalia, S.L.
+# Author: Alberto Garcia <berto@igalia.com>
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#
+
+# creator
+owner=berto@igalia.com
+
+seq="$(basename $0)"
+echo "QA output created by $seq"
+
+here="$PWD"
+status=1 # failure is the default!
+
+_cleanup()
+{
+ _cleanup_test_img
+ rm -f "$TEST_IMG.raw"
+}
+trap "_cleanup; exit \$status" 0 1 2 3 15
+
+# get standard environment, filters and checks
+. ./common.rc
+. ./common.filter
+
+_supported_fmt qcow2
+_supported_proto file nfs
+_supported_os Linux
+_unsupported_imgopts extended_l2 compat=0.10 cluster_size data_file refcount_bits=1[^0-9]
+
+l2_offset=$((0x40000))
+
+_verify_img()
+{
+ $QEMU_IMG compare "$TEST_IMG" "$TEST_IMG.raw" | grep -v 'Images are identical'
+ $QEMU_IMG check "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_img_check | \
+ grep -v 'No errors were found on the image'
+}
+
+# Compare the bitmap of an extended L2 entry against an expected value
+_verify_l2_bitmap()
+{
+ entry_no="$1" # L2 entry number, starting from 0
+ expected_alloc="$alloc" # Space-separated list of allocated subcluster indexes
+ expected_zero="$zero" # Space-separated list of zero subcluster indexes
+
+ offset=$(($l2_offset + $entry_no * 16))
+ entry=$(peek_file_be "$TEST_IMG" $offset 8)
+ offset=$(($offset + 8))
+ bitmap=$(peek_file_be "$TEST_IMG" $offset 8)
+
+ expected_bitmap=0
+ for bit in $expected_alloc; do
+ expected_bitmap=$(($expected_bitmap | (1 << $bit)))
+ done
+ for bit in $expected_zero; do
+ expected_bitmap=$(($expected_bitmap | (1 << (32 + $bit))))
+ done
+ printf -v expected_bitmap "%u" $expected_bitmap # Convert to unsigned
+
+ printf "L2 entry #%d: 0x%016x %016x\n" "$entry_no" "$entry" "$bitmap"
+ if [ "$bitmap" != "$expected_bitmap" ]; then
+ printf "ERROR: expecting bitmap 0x%016x\n" "$expected_bitmap"
+ fi
+}
+
+# This should be called as _run_test c=XXX sc=XXX off=XXX len=XXX cmd=XXX
+# c: cluster number (0 if unset)
+# sc: subcluster number inside cluster @c (0 if unset)
+# off: offset inside subcluster @sc, in kilobytes (0 if unset)
+# len: request length, passed directly to qemu-io (e.g: 256, 4k, 1M, ...)
+# cmd: the command to pass to qemu-io, must be one of
+# write -> write
+# zero -> write -z
+# unmap -> write -z -u
+# compress -> write -c
+# discard -> discard
+_run_test()
+{
+ unset c sc off len cmd
+ for var in "$@"; do eval "$var"; done
+ case "${cmd:-write}" in
+ zero)
+ cmd="write -q -z";;
+ unmap)
+ cmd="write -q -z -u";;
+ compress)
+ pat=$((${pat:-0} + 1))
+ cmd="write -q -c -P ${pat}";;
+ write)
+ pat=$((${pat:-0} + 1))
+ cmd="write -q -P ${pat}";;
+ discard)
+ cmd="discard -q";;
+ *)
+ echo "Unknown option $cmd"
+ exit 1;;
+ esac
+ c="${c:-0}"
+ sc="${sc:-0}"
+ off="${off:-0}"
+ offset="$(($c * 64 + $sc * 2 + $off))"
+ [ "$offset" != 0 ] && offset="${offset}k"
+ cmd="$cmd ${offset} ${len}"
+ raw_cmd=$(echo $cmd | sed s/-c//) # Raw images don't support -c
+ echo $cmd | sed 's/-P [0-9][0-9]\?/-P PATTERN/'
+ $QEMU_IO -c "$cmd" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+ $QEMU_IO -c "$raw_cmd" -f raw "$TEST_IMG.raw" | _filter_qemu_io
+ _verify_img
+ _verify_l2_bitmap "$c"
+}
+
+_reset_img()
+{
+ size="$1"
+ $QEMU_IMG create -f raw "$TEST_IMG.raw" "$size" | _filter_img_create
+ if [ "$use_backing_file" = "yes" ]; then
+ $QEMU_IMG create -f raw "$TEST_IMG.base" "$size" | _filter_img_create
+ $QEMU_IO -c "write -q -P 0xFF 0 $size" -f raw "$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_qemu_io
+ $QEMU_IO -c "write -q -P 0xFF 0 $size" -f raw "$TEST_IMG.raw" | _filter_qemu_io
+ _make_test_img -o extended_l2=on -F raw -b "$TEST_IMG.base" "$size"
+ else
+ _make_test_img -o extended_l2=on "$size"
+ fi
+}
+
+############################################################
+############################################################
+############################################################
+
+# Test that writing to an image with subclusters produces the expected
+# results, in images with and without backing files
+for use_backing_file in yes no; do
+ echo
+ echo "### Standard write tests (backing file: $use_backing_file) ###"
+ echo
+ _reset_img 1M
+ ### Write subcluster #0 (beginning of subcluster) ###
+ alloc="0"; zero=""
+ _run_test sc=0 len=1k
+
+ ### Write subcluster #1 (middle of subcluster) ###
+ alloc="0 1"; zero=""
+ _run_test sc=1 off=1 len=512
+
+ ### Write subcluster #2 (end of subcluster) ###
+ alloc="0 1 2"; zero=""
+ _run_test sc=2 off=1 len=1k
+
+ ### Write subcluster #3 (full subcluster) ###
+ alloc="0 1 2 3"; zero=""
+ _run_test sc=3 len=2k
+
+ ### Write subclusters #4-6 (full subclusters) ###
+ alloc="$(seq 0 6)"; zero=""
+ _run_test sc=4 len=6k
+
+ ### Write subclusters #7-9 (partial subclusters) ###
+ alloc="$(seq 0 9)"; zero=""
+ _run_test sc=7 off=1 len=4k
+
+ ### Write subcluster #16 (partial subcluster) ###
+ alloc="$(seq 0 9) 16"; zero=""
+ _run_test sc=16 len=1k
+
+ ### Write subcluster #31-#33 (cluster overlap) ###
+ alloc="$(seq 0 9) 16 31"; zero=""
+ _run_test sc=31 off=1 len=4k
+ alloc="0 1" ; zero=""
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 1
+
+ ### Zero subcluster #1
+ alloc="0 $(seq 2 9) 16 31"; zero="1"
+ _run_test sc=1 len=2k cmd=zero
+
+ ### Zero cluster #0
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _run_test sc=0 len=64k cmd=zero
+
+ ### Fill cluster #0 with data
+ alloc="$(seq 0 31)"; zero=""
+ _run_test sc=0 len=64k
+
+ ### Zero and unmap half of cluster #0 (this won't unmap it)
+ alloc="$(seq 16 31)"; zero="$(seq 0 15)"
+ _run_test sc=0 len=32k cmd=unmap
+
+ ### Zero and unmap cluster #0
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _run_test sc=0 len=64k cmd=unmap
+
+ ### Write subcluster #1 (middle of subcluster)
+ alloc="1"; zero="0 $(seq 2 31)"
+ _run_test sc=1 off=1 len=512
+
+ ### Fill cluster #0 with data
+ alloc="$(seq 0 31)"; zero=""
+ _run_test sc=0 len=64k
+
+ ### Discard cluster #0
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _run_test sc=0 len=64k cmd=discard
+
+ ### Write compressed data to cluster #0
+ alloc=""; zero=""
+ _run_test sc=0 len=64k cmd=compress
+
+ ### Write subcluster #1 (middle of subcluster)
+ alloc="$(seq 0 31)"; zero=""
+ _run_test sc=1 off=1 len=512
+done
+
+############################################################
+############################################################
+############################################################
+
+# calculate_l2_meta() checks if none of the clusters affected by a
+# write operation need COW or changes to their L2 metadata and simply
+# returns when they don't. This is a test for that optimization.
+# Here clusters #0-#3 are overwritten but only #1 and #2 need changes.
+echo
+echo '### Overwriting several clusters without COW ###'
+echo
+use_backing_file="no" _reset_img 1M
+# Write cluster #0, subclusters #12-#31
+alloc="$(seq 12 31)"; zero=""
+_run_test sc=12 len=40k
+
+# Write cluster #1, subcluster #13
+alloc="13"; zero=""
+_run_test c=1 sc=13 len=2k
+
+# Zeroize cluster #2, subcluster #14
+alloc="14"; zero=""
+_run_test c=2 sc=14 len=2k
+alloc=""; zero="14"
+_run_test c=2 sc=14 len=2k cmd=zero
+
+# Write cluster #3, subclusters #0-#16
+alloc="$(seq 0 16)"; zero=""
+_run_test c=3 sc=0 len=34k
+
+# Write from cluster #0, subcluster #12 to cluster #3, subcluster #11
+alloc="$(seq 12 31)"; zero=""
+_run_test sc=12 len=192k
+alloc="$(seq 0 31)"; zero=""
+_verify_l2_bitmap 1
+_verify_l2_bitmap 2
+
+alloc="$(seq 0 16)"; zero=""
+_verify_l2_bitmap 3
+
+############################################################
+############################################################
+############################################################
+
+# Test different patterns of writing zeroes
+for use_backing_file in yes no; do
+ echo
+ echo "### Writing zeroes 1: unallocated clusters (backing file: $use_backing_file) ###"
+ echo
+ # Note that the image size is not a multiple of the cluster size
+ _reset_img 2083k
+
+ # Cluster-aligned request from clusters #0 to #2
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _run_test c=0 sc=0 len=192k cmd=zero
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 1
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 2
+
+ # Subcluster-aligned request from clusters #3 to #5
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 16 31)"
+ _run_test c=3 sc=16 len=128k cmd=zero
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 4
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 15)"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 5
+
+ # Unaligned request from clusters #6 to #8
+ if [ "$use_backing_file" = "yes" ]; then
+ alloc="15"; zero="$(seq 16 31)" # copy-on-write happening here
+ else
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 15 31)"
+ fi
+ _run_test c=6 sc=15 off=1 len=128k cmd=zero
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 7
+ if [ "$use_backing_file" = "yes" ]; then
+ alloc="15"; zero="$(seq 0 14)" # copy-on-write happening here
+ else
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 15)"
+ fi
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 8
+
+ echo
+ echo "### Writing zeroes 2: allocated clusters (backing file: $use_backing_file) ###"
+ echo
+ alloc="$(seq 0 31)"; zero=""
+ _run_test c=9 sc=0 len=576k
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 10
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 11
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 12
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 13
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 14
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 15
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 16
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 17
+
+ # Cluster-aligned request from clusters #9 to #11
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _run_test c=9 sc=0 len=192k cmd=zero
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 10
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 11
+
+ # Subcluster-aligned request from clusters #12 to #14
+ alloc="$(seq 0 15)"; zero="$(seq 16 31)"
+ _run_test c=12 sc=16 len=128k cmd=zero
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 13
+ alloc="$(seq 16 31)"; zero="$(seq 0 15)"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 14
+
+ # Unaligned request from clusters #15 to #17
+ alloc="$(seq 0 15)"; zero="$(seq 16 31)"
+ _run_test c=15 sc=15 off=1 len=128k cmd=zero
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 16
+ alloc="$(seq 15 31)"; zero="$(seq 0 14)"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 17
+
+ echo
+ echo "### Writing zeroes 3: compressed clusters (backing file: $use_backing_file) ###"
+ echo
+ alloc=""; zero=""
+ for c in $(seq 18 28); do
+ _run_test c=$c sc=0 len=64k cmd=compress
+ done
+
+ # Cluster-aligned request from clusters #18 to #20
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _run_test c=18 sc=0 len=192k cmd=zero
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 19
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 20
+
+ # Subcluster-aligned request from clusters #21 to #23.
+ # We cannot partially zero a compressed cluster so the code
+ # returns -ENOTSUP, which means copy-on-write of the compressed
+ # data and fill the rest with actual zeroes on disk.
+ # TODO: cluster #22 should use the 'all zeroes' bits.
+ alloc="$(seq 0 31)"; zero=""
+ _run_test c=21 sc=16 len=128k cmd=zero
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 22
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 23
+
+ # Unaligned request from clusters #24 to #26
+ # In this case QEMU internally sends a 1k request followed by a
+ # subcluster-aligned 128k request. The first request decompresses
+ # cluster #24, but that's not enough to perform the second request
+ # efficiently because it partially writes to cluster #26 (which is
+ # compressed) so we hit the same problem as before.
+ alloc="$(seq 0 31)"; zero=""
+ _run_test c=24 sc=15 off=1 len=129k cmd=zero
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 25
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 26
+
+ # Unaligned request from clusters #27 to #29
+ # Similar to the previous case, but this time the tail of the
+ # request does not correspond to a compressed cluster, so it can
+ # be zeroed efficiently.
+ # Note that the very last subcluster is partially written, so if
+ # there's a backing file we need to perform cow.
+ alloc="$(seq 0 15)"; zero="$(seq 16 31)"
+ _run_test c=27 sc=15 off=1 len=128k cmd=zero
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 28
+ if [ "$use_backing_file" = "yes" ]; then
+ alloc="15"; zero="$(seq 0 14)" # copy-on-write happening here
+ else
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 15)"
+ fi
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 29
+
+ echo
+ echo "### Writing zeroes 4: other tests (backing file: $use_backing_file) ###"
+ echo
+ # Unaligned request in the middle of cluster #30.
+ # If there's a backing file we need to allocate and do
+ # copy-on-write on the partially zeroed subclusters.
+ # If not we can set the 'all zeroes' bit on them.
+ if [ "$use_backing_file" = "yes" ]; then
+ alloc="15 19"; zero="$(seq 16 18)" # copy-on-write happening here
+ else
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 15 19)"
+ fi
+ _run_test c=30 sc=15 off=1 len=8k cmd=zero
+
+ # Fill the last cluster with zeroes, up to the end of the image
+ # (the image size is not a multiple of the cluster or subcluster size).
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 17)"
+ _run_test c=32 sc=0 len=35k cmd=zero
+done
+
+############################################################
+############################################################
+############################################################
+
+# Zero + unmap
+for use_backing_file in yes no; do
+ echo
+ echo "### Zero + unmap 1: allocated clusters (backing file: $use_backing_file) ###"
+ echo
+ # Note that the image size is not a multiple of the cluster size
+ _reset_img 2083k
+ alloc="$(seq 0 31)"; zero=""
+ _run_test c=9 sc=0 len=576k
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 10
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 11
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 12
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 13
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 14
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 15
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 16
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 17
+
+ # Cluster-aligned request from clusters #9 to #11
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _run_test c=9 sc=0 len=192k cmd=unmap
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 10
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 11
+
+ # Subcluster-aligned request from clusters #12 to #14
+ alloc="$(seq 0 15)"; zero="$(seq 16 31)"
+ _run_test c=12 sc=16 len=128k cmd=unmap
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 13
+ alloc="$(seq 16 31)"; zero="$(seq 0 15)"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 14
+
+ # Unaligned request from clusters #15 to #17
+ alloc="$(seq 0 15)"; zero="$(seq 16 31)"
+ _run_test c=15 sc=15 off=1 len=128k cmd=unmap
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 16
+ alloc="$(seq 15 31)"; zero="$(seq 0 14)"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 17
+
+ echo
+ echo "### Zero + unmap 2: compressed clusters (backing file: $use_backing_file) ###"
+ echo
+ alloc=""; zero=""
+ for c in $(seq 18 28); do
+ _run_test c=$c sc=0 len=64k cmd=compress
+ done
+
+ # Cluster-aligned request from clusters #18 to #20
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _run_test c=18 sc=0 len=192k cmd=unmap
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 19
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 20
+
+ # Subcluster-aligned request from clusters #21 to #23.
+ # We cannot partially zero a compressed cluster so the code
+ # returns -ENOTSUP, which means copy-on-write of the compressed
+ # data and fill the rest with actual zeroes on disk.
+ # TODO: cluster #22 should use the 'all zeroes' bits.
+ alloc="$(seq 0 31)"; zero=""
+ _run_test c=21 sc=16 len=128k cmd=unmap
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 22
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 23
+
+ # Unaligned request from clusters #24 to #26
+ # In this case QEMU internally sends a 1k request followed by a
+ # subcluster-aligned 128k request. The first request decompresses
+ # cluster #24, but that's not enough to perform the second request
+ # efficiently because it partially writes to cluster #26 (which is
+ # compressed) so we hit the same problem as before.
+ alloc="$(seq 0 31)"; zero=""
+ _run_test c=24 sc=15 off=1 len=129k cmd=unmap
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 25
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 26
+
+ # Unaligned request from clusters #27 to #29
+ # Similar to the previous case, but this time the tail of the
+ # request does not correspond to a compressed cluster, so it can
+ # be zeroed efficiently.
+ # Note that the very last subcluster is partially written, so if
+ # there's a backing file we need to perform cow.
+ alloc="$(seq 0 15)"; zero="$(seq 16 31)"
+ _run_test c=27 sc=15 off=1 len=128k cmd=unmap
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 28
+ if [ "$use_backing_file" = "yes" ]; then
+ alloc="15"; zero="$(seq 0 14)" # copy-on-write happening here
+ else
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 15)"
+ fi
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 29
+done
+
+############################################################
+############################################################
+############################################################
+
+# Test qcow2_cluster_discard() with full and normal discards
+for use_backing_file in yes no; do
+ echo
+ echo "### Discarding clusters with non-zero bitmaps (backing file: $use_backing_file) ###"
+ echo
+ if [ "$use_backing_file" = "yes" ]; then
+ _make_test_img -o extended_l2=on -F raw -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 1M
+ else
+ _make_test_img -o extended_l2=on 1M
+ fi
+ # Write clusters #0-#2 and then discard them
+ $QEMU_IO -c 'write -q 0 128k' "$TEST_IMG"
+ $QEMU_IO -c 'discard -q 0 128k' "$TEST_IMG"
+ # 'qemu-io discard' doesn't do a full discard, it zeroizes the
+ # cluster, so both clusters have all zero bits set now
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 0
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 1
+ # Now mark the 2nd half of the subclusters from cluster #0 as unallocated
+ poke_file "$TEST_IMG" $(($l2_offset+8)) "\x00\x00"
+ # Discard cluster #0 again to see how the zero bits have changed
+ $QEMU_IO -c 'discard -q 0 64k' "$TEST_IMG"
+ # And do a full discard of cluster #1 by shrinking and growing the image
+ $QEMU_IMG resize --shrink "$TEST_IMG" 64k
+ $QEMU_IMG resize "$TEST_IMG" 1M
+ # A normal discard sets all 'zero' bits only if the image has a
+ # backing file, otherwise it won't touch them.
+ if [ "$use_backing_file" = "yes" ]; then
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ else
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 15)"
+ fi
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 0
+ # A full discard should clear the L2 entry completely. However
+ # when growing an image with a backing file the new clusters are
+ # zeroized to hide the stale data from the backing file
+ if [ "$use_backing_file" = "yes" ]; then
+ alloc=""; zero="$(seq 0 31)"
+ else
+ alloc=""; zero=""
+ fi
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 1
+done
+
+############################################################
+############################################################
+############################################################
+
+# Test that corrupted L2 entries are detected in both read and write
+# operations
+for corruption_test_cmd in read write; do
+ echo
+ echo "### Corrupted L2 entries - $corruption_test_cmd test (allocated) ###"
+ echo
+ echo "# 'cluster is zero' bit set on the standard cluster descriptor"
+ echo
+ # We actually don't consider this a corrupted image.
+ # The 'cluster is zero' bit is unused in extended L2 entries so
+ # QEMU ignores it.
+ # TODO: maybe treat the image as corrupted and make qemu-img check fix it?
+ _make_test_img -o extended_l2=on 1M
+ $QEMU_IO -c 'write -q -P 0x11 0 2k' "$TEST_IMG"
+ poke_file "$TEST_IMG" $(($l2_offset+7)) "\x01"
+ alloc="0"; zero=""
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 0
+ $QEMU_IO -c "$corruption_test_cmd -q -P 0x11 0 1k" "$TEST_IMG"
+ if [ "$corruption_test_cmd" = "write" ]; then
+ alloc="0"; zero=""
+ fi
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 0
+
+ echo
+ echo "# Both 'subcluster is zero' and 'subcluster is allocated' bits set"
+ echo
+ _make_test_img -o extended_l2=on 1M
+ # Write from the middle of cluster #0 to the middle of cluster #2
+ $QEMU_IO -c 'write -q 32k 128k' "$TEST_IMG"
+ # Corrupt the L2 entry from cluster #1
+ poke_file_be "$TEST_IMG" $(($l2_offset+24)) 4 1
+ alloc="$(seq 0 31)"; zero="0"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 1
+ $QEMU_IO -c "$corruption_test_cmd 0 192k" "$TEST_IMG"
+
+ echo
+ echo "### Corrupted L2 entries - $corruption_test_cmd test (unallocated) ###"
+ echo
+ echo "# 'cluster is zero' bit set on the standard cluster descriptor"
+ echo
+ # We actually don't consider this a corrupted image.
+ # The 'cluster is zero' bit is unused in extended L2 entries so
+ # QEMU ignores it.
+ # TODO: maybe treat the image as corrupted and make qemu-img check fix it?
+ _make_test_img -o extended_l2=on 1M
+ # We want to modify the (empty) L2 entry from cluster #0,
+ # but we write to #4 in order to initialize the L2 table first
+ $QEMU_IO -c 'write -q 256k 1k' "$TEST_IMG"
+ poke_file "$TEST_IMG" $(($l2_offset+7)) "\x01"
+ alloc=""; zero=""
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 0
+ $QEMU_IO -c "$corruption_test_cmd -q 0 1k" "$TEST_IMG"
+ if [ "$corruption_test_cmd" = "write" ]; then
+ alloc="0"; zero=""
+ fi
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 0
+
+ echo
+ echo "# 'subcluster is allocated' bit set"
+ echo
+ _make_test_img -o extended_l2=on 1M
+ # We want to corrupt the (empty) L2 entry from cluster #0,
+ # but we write to #4 in order to initialize the L2 table first
+ $QEMU_IO -c 'write -q 256k 1k' "$TEST_IMG"
+ poke_file "$TEST_IMG" $(($l2_offset+15)) "\x01"
+ alloc="0"; zero=""
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 0
+ $QEMU_IO -c "$corruption_test_cmd 0 1k" "$TEST_IMG"
+
+ echo
+ echo "# Both 'subcluster is zero' and 'subcluster is allocated' bits set"
+ echo
+ _make_test_img -o extended_l2=on 1M
+ # We want to corrupt the (empty) L2 entry from cluster #1,
+ # but we write to #4 in order to initialize the L2 table first
+ $QEMU_IO -c 'write -q 256k 1k' "$TEST_IMG"
+ # Corrupt the L2 entry from cluster #1
+ poke_file_be "$TEST_IMG" $(($l2_offset+24)) 8 $(((1 << 32) | 1))
+ alloc="0"; zero="0"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 1
+ $QEMU_IO -c "$corruption_test_cmd 0 192k" "$TEST_IMG"
+
+ echo
+ echo "### Compressed cluster with subcluster bitmap != 0 - $corruption_test_cmd test ###"
+ echo
+ # We actually don't consider this a corrupted image.
+ # The bitmap in compressed clusters is unused so QEMU should just ignore it.
+ _make_test_img -o extended_l2=on 1M
+ $QEMU_IO -c 'write -q -P 11 -c 0 64k' "$TEST_IMG"
+ # Change the L2 bitmap to allocate subcluster #31 and zeroize subcluster #0
+ poke_file "$TEST_IMG" $(($l2_offset+11)) "\x01\x80"
+ alloc="31"; zero="0"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 0
+ $QEMU_IO -c "$corruption_test_cmd -P 11 0 64k" "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+ # Writing allocates a new uncompressed cluster so we get a new bitmap
+ if [ "$corruption_test_cmd" = "write" ]; then
+ alloc="$(seq 0 31)"; zero=""
+ fi
+ _verify_l2_bitmap 0
+done
+
+############################################################
+############################################################
+############################################################
+
+echo
+echo "### Detect and repair unaligned clusters ###"
+echo
+# Create a backing file and fill it with data
+$QEMU_IMG create -f raw "$TEST_IMG.base" 128k | _filter_img_create
+$QEMU_IO -c "write -q -P 0xff 0 128k" -f raw "$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_qemu_io
+
+echo "# Corrupted L2 entry, allocated subcluster #"
+# Create a new image, allocate a cluster and write some data to it
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=on -F raw -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+$QEMU_IO -c 'write -q -P 1 4k 2k' "$TEST_IMG"
+# Corrupt the L2 entry by making the offset unaligned
+poke_file "$TEST_IMG" "$(($l2_offset+6))" "\x02"
+# This cannot be repaired, qemu-img check will fail to fix it
+_check_test_img -r all
+# Attempting to read the image will still show that it's corrupted
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -q 0 2k' "$TEST_IMG"
+
+echo "# Corrupted L2 entry, no allocated subclusters #"
+# Create a new image, allocate a cluster and zeroize subcluster #2
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=on -F raw -b "$TEST_IMG.base"
+$QEMU_IO -c 'write -q -P 1 4k 2k' "$TEST_IMG"
+$QEMU_IO -c 'write -q -z 4k 2k' "$TEST_IMG"
+# Corrupt the L2 entry by making the offset unaligned
+poke_file "$TEST_IMG" "$(($l2_offset+6))" "\x02"
+# This time none of the subclusters are allocated so we can repair the image
+_check_test_img -r all
+# And the data can be read normally
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -q -P 0xff 0 4k' "$TEST_IMG"
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -q -P 0x00 4k 2k' "$TEST_IMG"
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -q -P 0xff 6k 122k' "$TEST_IMG"
+
+############################################################
+############################################################
+############################################################
+
+echo
+echo "### Image creation options ###"
+echo
+echo "# cluster_size < 16k"
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=on,cluster_size=8k 1M
+
+echo "# backing file and preallocation=metadata"
+# For preallocation with backing files, create a backing file first
+$QEMU_IMG create -f raw "$TEST_IMG.base" 1M | _filter_img_create
+$QEMU_IO -c "write -q -P 0xff 0 1M" -f raw "$TEST_IMG.base" | _filter_qemu_io
+
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=on,preallocation=metadata -F raw -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 512k
+$QEMU_IMG resize "$TEST_IMG" 1M
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0xff 0 512k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0x00 512k 512k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+$QEMU_IMG map "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_testdir
+
+echo "# backing file and preallocation=falloc"
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=on,preallocation=falloc -F raw -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 512k
+$QEMU_IMG resize "$TEST_IMG" 1M
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0xff 0 512k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0x00 512k 512k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+$QEMU_IMG map "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_testdir
+
+echo "# backing file and preallocation=full"
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=on,preallocation=full -F raw -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 512k
+$QEMU_IMG resize "$TEST_IMG" 1M
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0xff 0 512k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0x00 512k 512k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+$QEMU_IMG map "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_testdir
+
+echo
+echo "### Image resizing with preallocation and backing files ###"
+echo
+# In this case the new subclusters must have the 'all zeroes' bit set
+echo "# resize --preallocation=metadata"
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=on -F raw -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 503k
+$QEMU_IMG resize --preallocation=metadata "$TEST_IMG" 1013k
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0xff 0 503k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0x00 503k 510k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+
+# In this case and the next one the new subclusters must be allocated
+echo "# resize --preallocation=falloc"
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=on -F raw -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 503k
+$QEMU_IMG resize --preallocation=falloc "$TEST_IMG" 1013k
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0xff 0 503k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0x00 503k 510k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+
+echo "# resize --preallocation=full"
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=on -F raw -b "$TEST_IMG.base" 503k
+$QEMU_IMG resize --preallocation=full "$TEST_IMG" 1013k
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0xff 0 503k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0x00 503k 510k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+
+echo
+echo "### Image resizing with preallocation without backing files ###"
+echo
+# In this case the new subclusters must have the 'all zeroes' bit set
+echo "# resize --preallocation=metadata"
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=on 503k
+$QEMU_IO -c 'write -P 0xff 0 503k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+$QEMU_IMG resize --preallocation=metadata "$TEST_IMG" 1013k
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0xff 0 503k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0x00 503k 510k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+
+# In this case and the next one the new subclusters must be allocated
+echo "# resize --preallocation=falloc"
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=on 503k
+$QEMU_IO -c 'write -P 0xff 0 503k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+$QEMU_IMG resize --preallocation=falloc "$TEST_IMG" 1013k
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0xff 0 503k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0x00 503k 510k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+
+echo "# resize --preallocation=full"
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=on 503k
+$QEMU_IO -c 'write -P 0xff 0 503k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+$QEMU_IMG resize --preallocation=full "$TEST_IMG" 1013k
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0xff 0 503k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+$QEMU_IO -c 'read -P 0x00 503k 510k' "$TEST_IMG" | _filter_qemu_io
+
+echo
+echo "### qemu-img measure ###"
+echo
+echo "# 512MB, extended_l2=off" # This needs one L2 table
+$QEMU_IMG measure --size 512M -O qcow2 -o extended_l2=off
+echo "# 512MB, extended_l2=on" # This needs two L2 tables
+$QEMU_IMG measure --size 512M -O qcow2 -o extended_l2=on
+
+echo "# 16K clusters, 64GB, extended_l2=off" # This needs one full L1 table cluster
+$QEMU_IMG measure --size 64G -O qcow2 -o cluster_size=16k,extended_l2=off
+echo "# 16K clusters, 64GB, extended_l2=on" # This needs two full L2 table clusters
+$QEMU_IMG measure --size 64G -O qcow2 -o cluster_size=16k,extended_l2=on
+
+echo "# 8k clusters" # This should fail
+$QEMU_IMG measure --size 1M -O qcow2 -o cluster_size=8k,extended_l2=on
+
+echo "# 1024 TB" # Maximum allowed size with extended_l2=on and 64K clusters
+$QEMU_IMG measure --size 1024T -O qcow2 -o extended_l2=on
+echo "# 1025 TB" # This should fail
+$QEMU_IMG measure --size 1025T -O qcow2 -o extended_l2=on
+
+echo
+echo "### qemu-img amend ###"
+echo
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=on 1M
+$QEMU_IMG amend -o extended_l2=off "$TEST_IMG" && echo "Unexpected pass"
+
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=off 1M
+$QEMU_IMG amend -o extended_l2=on "$TEST_IMG" && echo "Unexpected pass"
+
+echo
+echo "### Test copy-on-write on an image with snapshots ###"
+echo
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=on 1M
+
+# For each cluster from #0 to #9 this loop zeroes subcluster #7
+# and allocates subclusters #13 and #18.
+alloc="13 18"; zero="7"
+for c in $(seq 0 9); do
+ $QEMU_IO -c "write -q -z $((64*$c+14))k 2k" \
+ -c "write -q -P $((0xd0+$c)) $((64*$c+26))k 2k" \
+ -c "write -q -P $((0xe0+$c)) $((64*$c+36))k 2k" "$TEST_IMG"
+ _verify_l2_bitmap "$c"
+done
+
+# Create a snapshot and set l2_offset to the new L2 table
+$QEMU_IMG snapshot -c snap1 "$TEST_IMG"
+l2_offset=$((0x110000))
+
+# Write different patterns to each one of the clusters
+# in order to see how copy-on-write behaves in each case.
+$QEMU_IO -c "write -q -P 0xf0 $((64*0+30))k 1k" \
+ -c "write -q -P 0xf1 $((64*1+20))k 1k" \
+ -c "write -q -P 0xf2 $((64*2+40))k 1k" \
+ -c "write -q -P 0xf3 $((64*3+26))k 1k" \
+ -c "write -q -P 0xf4 $((64*4+14))k 1k" \
+ -c "write -q -P 0xf5 $((64*5+1))k 1k" \
+ -c "write -q -z $((64*6+30))k 3k" \
+ -c "write -q -z $((64*7+26))k 2k" \
+ -c "write -q -z $((64*8+26))k 1k" \
+ -c "write -q -z $((64*9+12))k 1k" \
+ "$TEST_IMG"
+alloc="$(seq 13 18)"; zero="7" _verify_l2_bitmap 0
+alloc="$(seq 10 18)"; zero="7" _verify_l2_bitmap 1
+alloc="$(seq 13 20)"; zero="7" _verify_l2_bitmap 2
+alloc="$(seq 13 18)"; zero="7" _verify_l2_bitmap 3
+alloc="$(seq 7 18)"; zero="" _verify_l2_bitmap 4
+alloc="$(seq 0 18)"; zero="" _verify_l2_bitmap 5
+alloc="13 18"; zero="7 15 16" _verify_l2_bitmap 6
+alloc="18"; zero="7 13" _verify_l2_bitmap 7
+alloc="$(seq 13 18)"; zero="7" _verify_l2_bitmap 8
+alloc="13 18"; zero="6 7" _verify_l2_bitmap 9
+
+echo
+echo "### Test concurrent requests ###"
+echo
+
+_concurrent_io()
+{
+# Allocate three subclusters in the same cluster.
+# This works because handle_dependencies() checks whether the requests
+# allocate the same cluster, even if the COW regions don't overlap (in
+# this case they don't).
+cat <<EOF
+open -o driver=$IMGFMT blkdebug::$TEST_IMG
+break write_aio A
+aio_write -P 10 30k 2k
+wait_break A
+aio_write -P 11 20k 2k
+aio_write -P 12 40k 2k
+resume A
+aio_flush
+EOF
+}
+
+_concurrent_verify()
+{
+cat <<EOF
+open -o driver=$IMGFMT $TEST_IMG
+read -q -P 10 30k 2k
+read -q -P 11 20k 2k
+read -q -P 12 40k 2k
+EOF
+}
+
+_make_test_img -o extended_l2=on 1M
+_concurrent_io | $QEMU_IO | _filter_qemu_io
+_concurrent_verify | $QEMU_IO | _filter_qemu_io
+
+# success, all done
+echo "*** done"
+rm -f $seq.full
+status=0
new file mode 100644
@@ -0,0 +1,726 @@
+QA output created by 271
+
+### Standard write tests (backing file: yes) ###
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.raw', fmt=raw size=1048576
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=raw size=1048576
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=raw
+write -q -P PATTERN 0 1k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 0000000000000001
+write -q -P PATTERN 3k 512
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 0000000000000003
+write -q -P PATTERN 5k 1k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 0000000000000007
+write -q -P PATTERN 6k 2k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 000000000000000f
+write -q -P PATTERN 8k 6k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 000000000000007f
+write -q -P PATTERN 15k 4k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 00000000000003ff
+write -q -P PATTERN 32k 1k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 00000000000103ff
+write -q -P PATTERN 63k 4k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 00000000800103ff
+L2 entry #1: 0x8000000000060000 0000000000000003
+write -q -z 2k 2k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 00000002800103fd
+write -q -z 0 64k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -P PATTERN 0 64k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 00000000ffffffff
+write -q -z -u 0 32k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 0000ffffffff0000
+write -q -z -u 0 64k
+L2 entry #0: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -P PATTERN 3k 512
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 fffffffd00000002
+write -q -P PATTERN 0 64k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 00000000ffffffff
+discard -q 0 64k
+L2 entry #0: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 0 64k
+L2 entry #0: 0x4000000000050000 0000000000000000
+write -q -P PATTERN 3k 512
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000070000 00000000ffffffff
+
+### Standard write tests (backing file: no) ###
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.raw', fmt=raw size=1048576
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+write -q -P PATTERN 0 1k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 0000000000000001
+write -q -P PATTERN 3k 512
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 0000000000000003
+write -q -P PATTERN 5k 1k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 0000000000000007
+write -q -P PATTERN 6k 2k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 000000000000000f
+write -q -P PATTERN 8k 6k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 000000000000007f
+write -q -P PATTERN 15k 4k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 00000000000003ff
+write -q -P PATTERN 32k 1k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 00000000000103ff
+write -q -P PATTERN 63k 4k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 00000000800103ff
+L2 entry #1: 0x8000000000060000 0000000000000003
+write -q -z 2k 2k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 00000002800103fd
+write -q -z 0 64k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -P PATTERN 0 64k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 00000000ffffffff
+write -q -z -u 0 32k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 0000ffffffff0000
+write -q -z -u 0 64k
+L2 entry #0: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -P PATTERN 3k 512
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 fffffffd00000002
+write -q -P PATTERN 0 64k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 00000000ffffffff
+discard -q 0 64k
+L2 entry #0: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 0 64k
+L2 entry #0: 0x4000000000050000 0000000000000000
+write -q -P PATTERN 3k 512
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000070000 00000000ffffffff
+
+### Overwriting several clusters without COW ###
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.raw', fmt=raw size=1048576
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+write -q -P PATTERN 24k 40k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 00000000fffff000
+write -q -P PATTERN 90k 2k
+L2 entry #1: 0x8000000000060000 0000000000002000
+write -q -P PATTERN 156k 2k
+L2 entry #2: 0x8000000000070000 0000000000004000
+write -q -z 156k 2k
+L2 entry #2: 0x8000000000070000 0000400000000000
+write -q -P PATTERN 192k 34k
+L2 entry #3: 0x8000000000080000 000000000001ffff
+write -q -P PATTERN 24k 192k
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 00000000fffff000
+L2 entry #1: 0x8000000000060000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #2: 0x8000000000070000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #3: 0x8000000000080000 000000000001ffff
+
+### Writing zeroes 1: unallocated clusters (backing file: yes) ###
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.raw', fmt=raw size=2132992
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=raw size=2132992
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2132992 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=raw
+write -q -z 0 192k
+L2 entry #0: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #1: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #2: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -z 224k 128k
+L2 entry #3: 0x0000000000000000 ffff000000000000
+L2 entry #4: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #5: 0x0000000000000000 0000ffff00000000
+write -q -z 415k 128k
+L2 entry #6: 0x8000000000050000 ffff000000008000
+L2 entry #7: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #8: 0x8000000000060000 00007fff00008000
+
+### Writing zeroes 2: allocated clusters (backing file: yes) ###
+
+write -q -P PATTERN 576k 576k
+L2 entry #9: 0x8000000000070000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #10: 0x8000000000080000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #11: 0x8000000000090000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #12: 0x80000000000a0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #13: 0x80000000000b0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #14: 0x80000000000c0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #15: 0x80000000000d0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #16: 0x80000000000e0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #17: 0x80000000000f0000 00000000ffffffff
+write -q -z 576k 192k
+L2 entry #9: 0x8000000000070000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #10: 0x8000000000080000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #11: 0x8000000000090000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -z 800k 128k
+L2 entry #12: 0x80000000000a0000 ffff00000000ffff
+L2 entry #13: 0x80000000000b0000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #14: 0x80000000000c0000 0000ffffffff0000
+write -q -z 991k 128k
+L2 entry #15: 0x80000000000d0000 ffff00000000ffff
+L2 entry #16: 0x80000000000e0000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #17: 0x80000000000f0000 00007fffffff8000
+
+### Writing zeroes 3: compressed clusters (backing file: yes) ###
+
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1152k 64k
+L2 entry #18: 0x4000000000100000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1216k 64k
+L2 entry #19: 0x4000000000110000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1280k 64k
+L2 entry #20: 0x4000000000120000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1344k 64k
+L2 entry #21: 0x4000000000130000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1408k 64k
+L2 entry #22: 0x4000000000140000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1472k 64k
+L2 entry #23: 0x4000000000150000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1536k 64k
+L2 entry #24: 0x4000000000160000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1600k 64k
+L2 entry #25: 0x4000000000170000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1664k 64k
+L2 entry #26: 0x4000000000180000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1728k 64k
+L2 entry #27: 0x4000000000190000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1792k 64k
+L2 entry #28: 0x40000000001a0000 0000000000000000
+write -q -z 1152k 192k
+L2 entry #18: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #19: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #20: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -z 1376k 128k
+L2 entry #21: 0x8000000000100000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #22: 0x8000000000110000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #23: 0x8000000000120000 00000000ffffffff
+write -q -z 1567k 129k
+L2 entry #24: 0x8000000000130000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #25: 0x8000000000140000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #26: 0x8000000000150000 00000000ffffffff
+write -q -z 1759k 128k
+L2 entry #27: 0x8000000000160000 ffff00000000ffff
+L2 entry #28: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #29: 0x8000000000170000 00007fff00008000
+
+### Writing zeroes 4: other tests (backing file: yes) ###
+
+write -q -z 1951k 8k
+L2 entry #30: 0x8000000000180000 0007000000088000
+write -q -z 2048k 35k
+L2 entry #32: 0x0000000000000000 0003ffff00000000
+
+### Writing zeroes 1: unallocated clusters (backing file: no) ###
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.raw', fmt=raw size=2132992
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2132992
+write -q -z 0 192k
+L2 entry #0: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #1: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #2: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -z 224k 128k
+L2 entry #3: 0x0000000000000000 ffff000000000000
+L2 entry #4: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #5: 0x0000000000000000 0000ffff00000000
+write -q -z 415k 128k
+L2 entry #6: 0x0000000000000000 ffff800000000000
+L2 entry #7: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #8: 0x0000000000000000 0000ffff00000000
+
+### Writing zeroes 2: allocated clusters (backing file: no) ###
+
+write -q -P PATTERN 576k 576k
+L2 entry #9: 0x8000000000050000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #10: 0x8000000000060000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #11: 0x8000000000070000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #12: 0x8000000000080000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #13: 0x8000000000090000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #14: 0x80000000000a0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #15: 0x80000000000b0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #16: 0x80000000000c0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #17: 0x80000000000d0000 00000000ffffffff
+write -q -z 576k 192k
+L2 entry #9: 0x8000000000050000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #10: 0x8000000000060000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #11: 0x8000000000070000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -z 800k 128k
+L2 entry #12: 0x8000000000080000 ffff00000000ffff
+L2 entry #13: 0x8000000000090000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #14: 0x80000000000a0000 0000ffffffff0000
+write -q -z 991k 128k
+L2 entry #15: 0x80000000000b0000 ffff00000000ffff
+L2 entry #16: 0x80000000000c0000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #17: 0x80000000000d0000 00007fffffff8000
+
+### Writing zeroes 3: compressed clusters (backing file: no) ###
+
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1152k 64k
+L2 entry #18: 0x40000000000e0000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1216k 64k
+L2 entry #19: 0x40000000000f0000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1280k 64k
+L2 entry #20: 0x4000000000100000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1344k 64k
+L2 entry #21: 0x4000000000110000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1408k 64k
+L2 entry #22: 0x4000000000120000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1472k 64k
+L2 entry #23: 0x4000000000130000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1536k 64k
+L2 entry #24: 0x4000000000140000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1600k 64k
+L2 entry #25: 0x4000000000150000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1664k 64k
+L2 entry #26: 0x4000000000160000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1728k 64k
+L2 entry #27: 0x4000000000170000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1792k 64k
+L2 entry #28: 0x4000000000180000 0000000000000000
+write -q -z 1152k 192k
+L2 entry #18: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #19: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #20: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -z 1376k 128k
+L2 entry #21: 0x80000000000e0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #22: 0x80000000000f0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #23: 0x8000000000100000 00000000ffffffff
+write -q -z 1567k 129k
+L2 entry #24: 0x8000000000110000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #25: 0x8000000000120000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #26: 0x8000000000130000 00000000ffffffff
+write -q -z 1759k 128k
+L2 entry #27: 0x8000000000140000 ffff00000000ffff
+L2 entry #28: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #29: 0x0000000000000000 0000ffff00000000
+
+### Writing zeroes 4: other tests (backing file: no) ###
+
+write -q -z 1951k 8k
+L2 entry #30: 0x0000000000000000 000f800000000000
+write -q -z 2048k 35k
+L2 entry #32: 0x0000000000000000 0003ffff00000000
+
+### Zero + unmap 1: allocated clusters (backing file: yes) ###
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.raw', fmt=raw size=2132992
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=raw size=2132992
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2132992 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=raw
+write -q -P PATTERN 576k 576k
+L2 entry #9: 0x8000000000050000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #10: 0x8000000000060000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #11: 0x8000000000070000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #12: 0x8000000000080000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #13: 0x8000000000090000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #14: 0x80000000000a0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #15: 0x80000000000b0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #16: 0x80000000000c0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #17: 0x80000000000d0000 00000000ffffffff
+write -q -z -u 576k 192k
+L2 entry #9: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #10: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #11: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -z -u 800k 128k
+L2 entry #12: 0x8000000000080000 ffff00000000ffff
+L2 entry #13: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #14: 0x80000000000a0000 0000ffffffff0000
+write -q -z -u 991k 128k
+L2 entry #15: 0x80000000000b0000 ffff00000000ffff
+L2 entry #16: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #17: 0x80000000000d0000 00007fffffff8000
+
+### Zero + unmap 2: compressed clusters (backing file: yes) ###
+
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1152k 64k
+L2 entry #18: 0x4000000000050000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1216k 64k
+L2 entry #19: 0x4000000000060000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1280k 64k
+L2 entry #20: 0x4000000000070000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1344k 64k
+L2 entry #21: 0x4000000000090000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1408k 64k
+L2 entry #22: 0x40000000000c0000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1472k 64k
+L2 entry #23: 0x40000000000e0000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1536k 64k
+L2 entry #24: 0x40000000000f0000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1600k 64k
+L2 entry #25: 0x4000000000100000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1664k 64k
+L2 entry #26: 0x4000000000110000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1728k 64k
+L2 entry #27: 0x4000000000120000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1792k 64k
+L2 entry #28: 0x4000000000130000 0000000000000000
+write -q -z -u 1152k 192k
+L2 entry #18: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #19: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #20: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -z -u 1376k 128k
+L2 entry #21: 0x8000000000050000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #22: 0x8000000000060000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #23: 0x8000000000070000 00000000ffffffff
+write -q -z -u 1567k 129k
+L2 entry #24: 0x8000000000090000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #25: 0x80000000000e0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #26: 0x80000000000f0000 00000000ffffffff
+write -q -z -u 1759k 128k
+L2 entry #27: 0x80000000000c0000 ffff00000000ffff
+L2 entry #28: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #29: 0x8000000000100000 00007fff00008000
+
+### Zero + unmap 1: allocated clusters (backing file: no) ###
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.raw', fmt=raw size=2132992
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=2132992
+write -q -P PATTERN 576k 576k
+L2 entry #9: 0x8000000000050000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #10: 0x8000000000060000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #11: 0x8000000000070000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #12: 0x8000000000080000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #13: 0x8000000000090000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #14: 0x80000000000a0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #15: 0x80000000000b0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #16: 0x80000000000c0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #17: 0x80000000000d0000 00000000ffffffff
+write -q -z -u 576k 192k
+L2 entry #9: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #10: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #11: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -z -u 800k 128k
+L2 entry #12: 0x8000000000080000 ffff00000000ffff
+L2 entry #13: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #14: 0x80000000000a0000 0000ffffffff0000
+write -q -z -u 991k 128k
+L2 entry #15: 0x80000000000b0000 ffff00000000ffff
+L2 entry #16: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #17: 0x80000000000d0000 00007fffffff8000
+
+### Zero + unmap 2: compressed clusters (backing file: no) ###
+
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1152k 64k
+L2 entry #18: 0x4000000000050000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1216k 64k
+L2 entry #19: 0x4000000000060000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1280k 64k
+L2 entry #20: 0x4000000000070000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1344k 64k
+L2 entry #21: 0x4000000000090000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1408k 64k
+L2 entry #22: 0x40000000000c0000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1472k 64k
+L2 entry #23: 0x40000000000e0000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1536k 64k
+L2 entry #24: 0x40000000000f0000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1600k 64k
+L2 entry #25: 0x4000000000100000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1664k 64k
+L2 entry #26: 0x4000000000110000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1728k 64k
+L2 entry #27: 0x4000000000120000 0000000000000000
+write -q -c -P PATTERN 1792k 64k
+L2 entry #28: 0x4000000000130000 0000000000000000
+write -q -z -u 1152k 192k
+L2 entry #18: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #19: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #20: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+write -q -z -u 1376k 128k
+L2 entry #21: 0x8000000000050000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #22: 0x8000000000060000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #23: 0x8000000000070000 00000000ffffffff
+write -q -z -u 1567k 129k
+L2 entry #24: 0x8000000000090000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #25: 0x80000000000e0000 00000000ffffffff
+L2 entry #26: 0x80000000000f0000 00000000ffffffff
+write -q -z -u 1759k 128k
+L2 entry #27: 0x80000000000c0000 ffff00000000ffff
+L2 entry #28: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #29: 0x0000000000000000 0000ffff00000000
+
+### Discarding clusters with non-zero bitmaps (backing file: yes) ###
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=raw
+L2 entry #0: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #1: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+Image resized.
+Image resized.
+L2 entry #0: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #1: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+
+### Discarding clusters with non-zero bitmaps (backing file: no) ###
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+L2 entry #0: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+L2 entry #1: 0x0000000000000000 ffffffff00000000
+Image resized.
+Image resized.
+L2 entry #0: 0x0000000000000000 0000ffff00000000
+L2 entry #1: 0x0000000000000000 0000000000000000
+
+### Corrupted L2 entries - read test (allocated) ###
+
+# 'cluster is zero' bit set on the standard cluster descriptor
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050001 0000000000000001
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050001 0000000000000001
+
+# Both 'subcluster is zero' and 'subcluster is allocated' bits set
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+L2 entry #1: 0x8000000000060000 00000001ffffffff
+qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: Invalid cluster entry found (L2 offset: 0x40000, L2 index: 0x1); further corruption events will be suppressed
+read failed: Input/output error
+
+### Corrupted L2 entries - read test (unallocated) ###
+
+# 'cluster is zero' bit set on the standard cluster descriptor
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+L2 entry #0: 0x0000000000000001 0000000000000000
+L2 entry #0: 0x0000000000000001 0000000000000000
+
+# 'subcluster is allocated' bit set
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+L2 entry #0: 0x0000000000000000 0000000000000001
+qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: Invalid cluster entry found (L2 offset: 0x40000, L2 index: 0); further corruption events will be suppressed
+read failed: Input/output error
+
+# Both 'subcluster is zero' and 'subcluster is allocated' bits set
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+L2 entry #1: 0x0000000000000000 0000000100000001
+qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: Invalid cluster entry found (L2 offset: 0x40000, L2 index: 0x1); further corruption events will be suppressed
+read failed: Input/output error
+
+### Compressed cluster with subcluster bitmap != 0 - read test ###
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+L2 entry #0: 0x4000000000050000 0000000180000000
+read 65536/65536 bytes at offset 0
+64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+L2 entry #0: 0x4000000000050000 0000000180000000
+
+### Corrupted L2 entries - write test (allocated) ###
+
+# 'cluster is zero' bit set on the standard cluster descriptor
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050001 0000000000000001
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050001 0000000000000001
+
+# Both 'subcluster is zero' and 'subcluster is allocated' bits set
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+L2 entry #1: 0x8000000000060000 00000001ffffffff
+qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: Invalid cluster entry found (L2 offset: 0x40000, L2 index: 0x1); further corruption events will be suppressed
+write failed: Input/output error
+
+### Corrupted L2 entries - write test (unallocated) ###
+
+# 'cluster is zero' bit set on the standard cluster descriptor
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+L2 entry #0: 0x0000000000000001 0000000000000000
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000060000 0000000000000001
+
+# 'subcluster is allocated' bit set
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+L2 entry #0: 0x0000000000000000 0000000000000001
+qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: Invalid cluster entry found (L2 offset: 0x40000, L2 index: 0); further corruption events will be suppressed
+write failed: Input/output error
+
+# Both 'subcluster is zero' and 'subcluster is allocated' bits set
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+L2 entry #1: 0x0000000000000000 0000000100000001
+qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: Invalid cluster entry found (L2 offset: 0x40000, L2 index: 0x1); further corruption events will be suppressed
+write failed: Input/output error
+
+### Compressed cluster with subcluster bitmap != 0 - write test ###
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+L2 entry #0: 0x4000000000050000 0000000180000000
+wrote 65536/65536 bytes at offset 0
+64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000060000 00000000ffffffff
+
+### Detect and repair unaligned clusters ###
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=raw size=131072
+# Corrupted L2 entry, allocated subcluster #
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=131072 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=raw
+ERROR offset=50200: Data cluster is not properly aligned; L2 entry corrupted.
+ERROR cluster 6 refcount=0 reference=1
+Rebuilding refcount structure
+ERROR offset=50200: Data cluster is not properly aligned; L2 entry corrupted.
+Repairing cluster 1 refcount=1 reference=0
+Repairing cluster 2 refcount=1 reference=0
+ERROR offset=50200: Data cluster is not properly aligned; L2 entry corrupted.
+The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:
+
+ 0 leaked clusters
+ 1 corruptions
+
+Double checking the fixed image now...
+
+1 errors were found on the image.
+Data may be corrupted, or further writes to the image may corrupt it.
+qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: Cluster allocation offset 0x50200 unaligned (L2 offset: 0x40000, L2 index: 0); further corruption events will be suppressed
+read failed: Input/output error
+# Corrupted L2 entry, no allocated subclusters #
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=131072 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=raw
+Repairing offset=50200: Preallocated cluster is not properly aligned; L2 entry corrupted.
+Leaked cluster 5 refcount=1 reference=0
+Repairing cluster 5 refcount=1 reference=0
+The following inconsistencies were found and repaired:
+
+ 1 leaked clusters
+ 1 corruptions
+
+Double checking the fixed image now...
+No errors were found on the image.
+
+### Image creation options ###
+
+# cluster_size < 16k
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT: Extended L2 entries are only supported with cluster sizes of at least 16384 bytes
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+# backing file and preallocation=metadata
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=raw size=1048576
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=524288 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=raw preallocation=metadata
+Image resized.
+read 524288/524288 bytes at offset 0
+512 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+read 524288/524288 bytes at offset 524288
+512 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+Offset Length Mapped to File
+0 0x80000 0 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
+# backing file and preallocation=falloc
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=524288 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=raw preallocation=falloc
+Image resized.
+read 524288/524288 bytes at offset 0
+512 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+read 524288/524288 bytes at offset 524288
+512 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+Offset Length Mapped to File
+0 0x80000 0 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
+# backing file and preallocation=full
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=524288 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=raw preallocation=full
+Image resized.
+read 524288/524288 bytes at offset 0
+512 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+read 524288/524288 bytes at offset 524288
+512 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+Offset Length Mapped to File
+0 0x80000 0 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
+
+### Image resizing with preallocation and backing files ###
+
+# resize --preallocation=metadata
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=515072 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=raw
+Image resized.
+read 515072/515072 bytes at offset 0
+503 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+read 522240/522240 bytes at offset 515072
+510 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+# resize --preallocation=falloc
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=515072 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=raw
+Image resized.
+read 515072/515072 bytes at offset 0
+503 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+read 522240/522240 bytes at offset 515072
+510 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+# resize --preallocation=full
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=515072 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=raw
+Image resized.
+read 515072/515072 bytes at offset 0
+503 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+read 522240/522240 bytes at offset 515072
+510 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+
+### Image resizing with preallocation without backing files ###
+
+# resize --preallocation=metadata
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=515072
+wrote 515072/515072 bytes at offset 0
+503 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+Image resized.
+read 515072/515072 bytes at offset 0
+503 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+read 522240/522240 bytes at offset 515072
+510 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+# resize --preallocation=falloc
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=515072
+wrote 515072/515072 bytes at offset 0
+503 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+Image resized.
+read 515072/515072 bytes at offset 0
+503 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+read 522240/522240 bytes at offset 515072
+510 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+# resize --preallocation=full
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=515072
+wrote 515072/515072 bytes at offset 0
+503 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+Image resized.
+read 515072/515072 bytes at offset 0
+503 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+read 522240/522240 bytes at offset 515072
+510 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+
+### qemu-img measure ###
+
+# 512MB, extended_l2=off
+required size: 327680
+fully allocated size: 537198592
+# 512MB, extended_l2=on
+required size: 393216
+fully allocated size: 537264128
+# 16K clusters, 64GB, extended_l2=off
+required size: 42008576
+fully allocated size: 68761485312
+# 16K clusters, 64GB, extended_l2=on
+required size: 75579392
+fully allocated size: 68795056128
+# 8k clusters
+qemu-img: Extended L2 entries are only supported with cluster sizes of at least 16384 bytes
+# 1024 TB
+required size: 309285027840
+fully allocated size: 1126209191870464
+# 1025 TB
+qemu-img: The image size is too large (try using a larger cluster size)
+
+### qemu-img amend ###
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+qemu-img: Invalid parameter 'extended_l2'
+This option is only supported for image creation
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+qemu-img: Invalid parameter 'extended_l2'
+This option is only supported for image creation
+
+### Test copy-on-write on an image with snapshots ###
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000050000 0000008000042000
+L2 entry #1: 0x8000000000060000 0000008000042000
+L2 entry #2: 0x8000000000070000 0000008000042000
+L2 entry #3: 0x8000000000080000 0000008000042000
+L2 entry #4: 0x8000000000090000 0000008000042000
+L2 entry #5: 0x80000000000a0000 0000008000042000
+L2 entry #6: 0x80000000000b0000 0000008000042000
+L2 entry #7: 0x80000000000c0000 0000008000042000
+L2 entry #8: 0x80000000000d0000 0000008000042000
+L2 entry #9: 0x80000000000e0000 0000008000042000
+L2 entry #0: 0x8000000000120000 000000800007e000
+L2 entry #1: 0x8000000000130000 000000800007fc00
+L2 entry #2: 0x8000000000140000 00000080001fe000
+L2 entry #3: 0x8000000000150000 000000800007e000
+L2 entry #4: 0x8000000000160000 000000000007ff80
+L2 entry #5: 0x8000000000170000 000000000007ffff
+L2 entry #6: 0x00000000000b0000 0001808000042000
+L2 entry #7: 0x00000000000c0000 0000208000040000
+L2 entry #8: 0x8000000000180000 000000800007e000
+L2 entry #9: 0x00000000000e0000 000000c000042000
+
+### Test concurrent requests ###
+
+Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1048576
+blkdebug: Suspended request 'A'
+blkdebug: Resuming request 'A'
+wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 30720
+2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 20480
+2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 40960
+2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
+*** done
@@ -284,6 +284,7 @@
267 rw auto quick snapshot
268 rw auto quick
270 rw backing quick
+271 rw auto
272 rw
273 backing quick
274 rw backing