Message ID | 20250526-b4-k1-dwc3-v3-v4-3-63e4e525e5cb@whut.edu.cn |
---|---|
State | New |
Headers | show |
Series | Add SpacemiT K1 USB3.0 host controller support | expand |
On Mon, May 26, 2025, Ze Huang wrote: > To support flattened dwc3 dt model and drop the glue layer, introduce the > `dwc3-generic` driver. This enables direct binding of the DWC3 core driver > and offers an alternative to the existing glue driver `dwc3-of-simple`. > > Signed-off-by: Ze Huang <huangze@whut.edu.cn> > --- > drivers/usb/dwc3/Kconfig | 9 ++ > drivers/usb/dwc3/Makefile | 1 + > drivers/usb/dwc3/dwc3-generic-plat.c | 189 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > 3 files changed, 199 insertions(+) > > diff --git a/drivers/usb/dwc3/Kconfig b/drivers/usb/dwc3/Kconfig > index 310d182e10b50b253d7e5a51674806e6ec442a2a..082627f39c9726ee4e0c5f966c5bc454f5541c9a 100644 > --- a/drivers/usb/dwc3/Kconfig > +++ b/drivers/usb/dwc3/Kconfig > @@ -118,6 +118,15 @@ config USB_DWC3_OF_SIMPLE > Currently supports Xilinx and Qualcomm DWC USB3 IP. > Say 'Y' or 'M' if you have one such device. > > +config USB_DWC3_GENERIC_PLAT > + tristate "DWC3 Generic Platform Driver" > + depends on OF && COMMON_CLK > + default USB_DWC3 > + help > + Support USB3 functionality in simple SoC integrations. > + Currently supports SpacemiT DWC USB3 IP. > + Say 'Y' or 'M' if you have one such device. > + > config USB_DWC3_ST > tristate "STMicroelectronics Platforms" > depends on (ARCH_STI || COMPILE_TEST) && OF > diff --git a/drivers/usb/dwc3/Makefile b/drivers/usb/dwc3/Makefile > index 830e6c9e5fe073c1f662ce34b6a4a2da34c407a2..96469e48ff9d189cc8d0b65e65424eae2158bcfe 100644 > --- a/drivers/usb/dwc3/Makefile > +++ b/drivers/usb/dwc3/Makefile > @@ -57,3 +57,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_USB_DWC3_IMX8MP) += dwc3-imx8mp.o > obj-$(CONFIG_USB_DWC3_XILINX) += dwc3-xilinx.o > obj-$(CONFIG_USB_DWC3_OCTEON) += dwc3-octeon.o > obj-$(CONFIG_USB_DWC3_RTK) += dwc3-rtk.o > +obj-$(CONFIG_USB_DWC3_GENERIC_PLAT) += dwc3-generic-plat.o > diff --git a/drivers/usb/dwc3/dwc3-generic-plat.c b/drivers/usb/dwc3/dwc3-generic-plat.c > new file mode 100644 > index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ff4626d324c40ecb52e115832c803fed7d38354 > --- /dev/null > +++ b/drivers/usb/dwc3/dwc3-generic-plat.c > @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ > +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only > +/* > + * dwc3-generic-plat.c - DesignWare USB3 generic platform driver > + * > + * Copyright (C) 2025 Ze Huang <huangze9015@gmail.com> > + * > + * Inspired by dwc3-qcom.c and dwc3-of-simple.c > + */ > + > +#include <linux/clk.h> > +#include <linux/delay.h> > +#include <linux/of_platform.h> > +#include <linux/of_address.h> > +#include <linux/platform_device.h> > +#include <linux/reset.h> > +#include "glue.h" > + > +struct dwc3_generic { > + struct device *dev; > + struct dwc3 dwc; > + struct clk_bulk_data *clks; > + int num_clocks; > + struct reset_control *resets; > +}; > + > +static int dwc3_generic_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) > +{ > + struct dwc3_probe_data probe_data = {}; > + struct device *dev = &pdev->dev; > + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3; > + struct resource *res; > + int ret; > + > + dwc3 = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*dwc3), GFP_KERNEL); > + if (!dwc3) > + return -ENOMEM; > + > + dwc3->dev = dev; > + > + platform_set_drvdata(pdev, dwc3); > + > + res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0); > + if (!res) { > + dev_err(&pdev->dev, "missing memory resource\n"); > + return -ENODEV; > + } > + > + dwc3->resets = of_reset_control_array_get_optional_exclusive(dev->of_node); > + if (IS_ERR(dwc3->resets)) > + return dev_err_probe(dev, PTR_ERR(dwc3->resets), "failed to get reset\n"); > + > + ret = reset_control_assert(dwc3->resets); > + if (ret) > + return dev_err_probe(dev, ret, "failed to assert reset\n"); > + > + usleep_range(10, 1000); > + > + ret = reset_control_deassert(dwc3->resets); > + if (ret) { > + dev_err(dev, "failed to deassert reset\n"); > + goto reset_assert; > + } > + > + ret = clk_bulk_get_all(dwc3->dev, &dwc3->clks); > + if (ret < 0) { > + dev_err(dev, "failed to get clocks\n"); > + goto reset_assert; > + } > + > + dwc3->num_clocks = ret; > + > + ret = clk_bulk_prepare_enable(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); > + if (ret) { > + dev_err(dev, "failed to enable clocks\n"); > + goto reset_assert; > + } > + > + dwc3->dwc.dev = dev; > + probe_data.dwc = &dwc3->dwc; > + probe_data.res = res; > + probe_data.ignore_clocks_and_resets = true; > + ret = dwc3_core_probe(&probe_data); > + if (ret) { > + dev_err(dev, "failed to register DWC3 Core\n"); > + goto clk_disable; > + } > + > + return 0; > + > +clk_disable: > + clk_bulk_disable_unprepare(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); > + clk_bulk_put_all(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); > + > +reset_assert: > + reset_control_assert(dwc3->resets); > + > + return ret; > +} > + > +static void dwc3_generic_remove(struct platform_device *pdev) > +{ > + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = platform_get_drvdata(pdev); > + > + dwc3_core_remove(&dwc3->dwc); > + > + clk_bulk_disable_unprepare(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); > + clk_bulk_put_all(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); > + > + reset_control_assert(dwc3->resets); > +} > + > +static int __maybe_unused dwc3_generic_suspend(struct device *dev) We shouldn't need __maybe_unused attr with the new PM macros. > +{ > + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = dev_get_drvdata(dev); > + int ret; > + > + ret = dwc3_pm_suspend(&dwc3->dwc); > + if (ret) > + return ret; > + > + clk_bulk_disable_unprepare(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); > + > + return 0; > +} > + > +static int __maybe_unused dwc3_generic_resume(struct device *dev) > +{ > + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = dev_get_drvdata(dev); > + int ret; > + > + ret = clk_bulk_prepare_enable(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); > + if (ret) > + return ret; > + > + ret = dwc3_pm_resume(&dwc3->dwc); > + if (ret) > + return ret; > + > + return 0; > +} > + > +static int __maybe_unused dwc3_generic_runtime_suspend(struct device *dev) > +{ > + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = dev_get_drvdata(dev); > + > + return dwc3_runtime_suspend(&dwc3->dwc); > +} > + > +static int __maybe_unused dwc3_generic_runtime_resume(struct device *dev) > +{ > + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = dev_get_drvdata(dev); > + > + return dwc3_runtime_resume(&dwc3->dwc); > +} > + > +static int __maybe_unused dwc3_generic_runtime_idle(struct device *dev) > +{ > + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = dev_get_drvdata(dev); > + > + return dwc3_runtime_idle(&dwc3->dwc); > +} > + > +static const struct dev_pm_ops dwc3_generic_dev_pm_ops = { > + SET_SYSTEM_SLEEP_PM_OPS(dwc3_generic_suspend, dwc3_generic_resume) > + SET_RUNTIME_PM_OPS(dwc3_generic_runtime_suspend, dwc3_generic_runtime_resume, > + dwc3_generic_runtime_idle) > +}; > + > +static const struct of_device_id dwc3_generic_of_match[] = { > + { .compatible = "spacemit,k1-dwc3", }, > + { /* sentinel */ } > +}; > +MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, dwc3_generic_of_match); > + > +static struct platform_driver dwc3_generic_driver = { > + .probe = dwc3_generic_probe, > + .remove = dwc3_generic_remove, > + .driver = { > + .name = "dwc3-generic-plat", > + .of_match_table = dwc3_generic_of_match, > +#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP Use the new pm_ptr/pm_sleep_ptr. Thanks, Thinh > + .pm = &dwc3_generic_dev_pm_ops, > +#endif /* CONFIG_PM_SLEEP */ > + }, > +}; > +module_platform_driver(dwc3_generic_driver); > + > +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); > +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("DesignWare USB3 generic platform driver"); > > -- > 2.49.0 >
On Tue, Jun 03, 2025 at 01:20:35AM +0000, Thinh Nguyen wrote: > On Mon, May 26, 2025, Ze Huang wrote: > > To support flattened dwc3 dt model and drop the glue layer, introduce the > > `dwc3-generic` driver. This enables direct binding of the DWC3 core driver > > and offers an alternative to the existing glue driver `dwc3-of-simple`. > > > > Signed-off-by: Ze Huang <huangze@whut.edu.cn> > > --- > > drivers/usb/dwc3/Kconfig | 9 ++ > > drivers/usb/dwc3/Makefile | 1 + > > drivers/usb/dwc3/dwc3-generic-plat.c | 189 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > > 3 files changed, 199 insertions(+) > > > > diff --git a/drivers/usb/dwc3/Kconfig b/drivers/usb/dwc3/Kconfig > > index 310d182e10b50b253d7e5a51674806e6ec442a2a..082627f39c9726ee4e0c5f966c5bc454f5541c9a 100644 > > --- a/drivers/usb/dwc3/Kconfig > > +++ b/drivers/usb/dwc3/Kconfig > > @@ -118,6 +118,15 @@ config USB_DWC3_OF_SIMPLE > > Currently supports Xilinx and Qualcomm DWC USB3 IP. > > Say 'Y' or 'M' if you have one such device. > > > > +config USB_DWC3_GENERIC_PLAT > > + tristate "DWC3 Generic Platform Driver" > > + depends on OF && COMMON_CLK > > + default USB_DWC3 > > + help > > + Support USB3 functionality in simple SoC integrations. > > + Currently supports SpacemiT DWC USB3 IP. > > + Say 'Y' or 'M' if you have one such device. > > + > > config USB_DWC3_ST > > tristate "STMicroelectronics Platforms" > > depends on (ARCH_STI || COMPILE_TEST) && OF > > diff --git a/drivers/usb/dwc3/Makefile b/drivers/usb/dwc3/Makefile > > index 830e6c9e5fe073c1f662ce34b6a4a2da34c407a2..96469e48ff9d189cc8d0b65e65424eae2158bcfe 100644 > > --- a/drivers/usb/dwc3/Makefile > > +++ b/drivers/usb/dwc3/Makefile > > @@ -57,3 +57,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_USB_DWC3_IMX8MP) += dwc3-imx8mp.o > > obj-$(CONFIG_USB_DWC3_XILINX) += dwc3-xilinx.o > > obj-$(CONFIG_USB_DWC3_OCTEON) += dwc3-octeon.o > > obj-$(CONFIG_USB_DWC3_RTK) += dwc3-rtk.o > > +obj-$(CONFIG_USB_DWC3_GENERIC_PLAT) += dwc3-generic-plat.o > > diff --git a/drivers/usb/dwc3/dwc3-generic-plat.c b/drivers/usb/dwc3/dwc3-generic-plat.c ... > > + > > +static void dwc3_generic_remove(struct platform_device *pdev) > > +{ > > + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = platform_get_drvdata(pdev); > > + > > + dwc3_core_remove(&dwc3->dwc); > > + > > + clk_bulk_disable_unprepare(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); > > + clk_bulk_put_all(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); > > + > > + reset_control_assert(dwc3->resets); > > +} > > + > > +static int __maybe_unused dwc3_generic_suspend(struct device *dev) > > We shouldn't need __maybe_unused attr with the new PM macros. > Will drop these attr > > +{ > > + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = dev_get_drvdata(dev); > > + int ret; > > + > > + ret = dwc3_pm_suspend(&dwc3->dwc); > > + if (ret) > > + return ret; > > + > > + clk_bulk_disable_unprepare(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); > > + > > + return 0; > > +} > > + > > +static int __maybe_unused dwc3_generic_resume(struct device *dev) > > +{ > > + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = dev_get_drvdata(dev); > > + int ret; > > + > > + ret = clk_bulk_prepare_enable(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); > > + if (ret) > > + return ret; > > + > > + ret = dwc3_pm_resume(&dwc3->dwc); > > + if (ret) > > + return ret; > > + > > + return 0; > > +} > > + > > +static int __maybe_unused dwc3_generic_runtime_suspend(struct device *dev) > > +{ > > + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = dev_get_drvdata(dev); > > + > > + return dwc3_runtime_suspend(&dwc3->dwc); > > +} > > + > > +static int __maybe_unused dwc3_generic_runtime_resume(struct device *dev) > > +{ > > + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = dev_get_drvdata(dev); > > + > > + return dwc3_runtime_resume(&dwc3->dwc); > > +} > > + > > +static int __maybe_unused dwc3_generic_runtime_idle(struct device *dev) > > +{ > > + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = dev_get_drvdata(dev); > > + > > + return dwc3_runtime_idle(&dwc3->dwc); > > +} > > + > > +static const struct dev_pm_ops dwc3_generic_dev_pm_ops = { > > + SET_SYSTEM_SLEEP_PM_OPS(dwc3_generic_suspend, dwc3_generic_resume) > > + SET_RUNTIME_PM_OPS(dwc3_generic_runtime_suspend, dwc3_generic_runtime_resume, > > + dwc3_generic_runtime_idle) > > +}; > > + > > +static const struct of_device_id dwc3_generic_of_match[] = { > > + { .compatible = "spacemit,k1-dwc3", }, > > + { /* sentinel */ } > > +}; > > +MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, dwc3_generic_of_match); > > + > > +static struct platform_driver dwc3_generic_driver = { > > + .probe = dwc3_generic_probe, > > + .remove = dwc3_generic_remove, > > + .driver = { > > + .name = "dwc3-generic-plat", > > + .of_match_table = dwc3_generic_of_match, > > +#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP > > Use the new pm_ptr/pm_sleep_ptr. > Thanks for pointing it out, I missed this part. I will fix it > Thanks, > Thinh > > > + .pm = &dwc3_generic_dev_pm_ops, > > +#endif /* CONFIG_PM_SLEEP */ > > + }, > > +}; > > +module_platform_driver(dwc3_generic_driver); > > + > > +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); > > +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("DesignWare USB3 generic platform driver"); > > > > -- > > 2.49.0 > >
diff --git a/drivers/usb/dwc3/Kconfig b/drivers/usb/dwc3/Kconfig index 310d182e10b50b253d7e5a51674806e6ec442a2a..082627f39c9726ee4e0c5f966c5bc454f5541c9a 100644 --- a/drivers/usb/dwc3/Kconfig +++ b/drivers/usb/dwc3/Kconfig @@ -118,6 +118,15 @@ config USB_DWC3_OF_SIMPLE Currently supports Xilinx and Qualcomm DWC USB3 IP. Say 'Y' or 'M' if you have one such device. +config USB_DWC3_GENERIC_PLAT + tristate "DWC3 Generic Platform Driver" + depends on OF && COMMON_CLK + default USB_DWC3 + help + Support USB3 functionality in simple SoC integrations. + Currently supports SpacemiT DWC USB3 IP. + Say 'Y' or 'M' if you have one such device. + config USB_DWC3_ST tristate "STMicroelectronics Platforms" depends on (ARCH_STI || COMPILE_TEST) && OF diff --git a/drivers/usb/dwc3/Makefile b/drivers/usb/dwc3/Makefile index 830e6c9e5fe073c1f662ce34b6a4a2da34c407a2..96469e48ff9d189cc8d0b65e65424eae2158bcfe 100644 --- a/drivers/usb/dwc3/Makefile +++ b/drivers/usb/dwc3/Makefile @@ -57,3 +57,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_USB_DWC3_IMX8MP) += dwc3-imx8mp.o obj-$(CONFIG_USB_DWC3_XILINX) += dwc3-xilinx.o obj-$(CONFIG_USB_DWC3_OCTEON) += dwc3-octeon.o obj-$(CONFIG_USB_DWC3_RTK) += dwc3-rtk.o +obj-$(CONFIG_USB_DWC3_GENERIC_PLAT) += dwc3-generic-plat.o diff --git a/drivers/usb/dwc3/dwc3-generic-plat.c b/drivers/usb/dwc3/dwc3-generic-plat.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ff4626d324c40ecb52e115832c803fed7d38354 --- /dev/null +++ b/drivers/usb/dwc3/dwc3-generic-plat.c @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +/* + * dwc3-generic-plat.c - DesignWare USB3 generic platform driver + * + * Copyright (C) 2025 Ze Huang <huangze9015@gmail.com> + * + * Inspired by dwc3-qcom.c and dwc3-of-simple.c + */ + +#include <linux/clk.h> +#include <linux/delay.h> +#include <linux/of_platform.h> +#include <linux/of_address.h> +#include <linux/platform_device.h> +#include <linux/reset.h> +#include "glue.h" + +struct dwc3_generic { + struct device *dev; + struct dwc3 dwc; + struct clk_bulk_data *clks; + int num_clocks; + struct reset_control *resets; +}; + +static int dwc3_generic_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) +{ + struct dwc3_probe_data probe_data = {}; + struct device *dev = &pdev->dev; + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3; + struct resource *res; + int ret; + + dwc3 = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*dwc3), GFP_KERNEL); + if (!dwc3) + return -ENOMEM; + + dwc3->dev = dev; + + platform_set_drvdata(pdev, dwc3); + + res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0); + if (!res) { + dev_err(&pdev->dev, "missing memory resource\n"); + return -ENODEV; + } + + dwc3->resets = of_reset_control_array_get_optional_exclusive(dev->of_node); + if (IS_ERR(dwc3->resets)) + return dev_err_probe(dev, PTR_ERR(dwc3->resets), "failed to get reset\n"); + + ret = reset_control_assert(dwc3->resets); + if (ret) + return dev_err_probe(dev, ret, "failed to assert reset\n"); + + usleep_range(10, 1000); + + ret = reset_control_deassert(dwc3->resets); + if (ret) { + dev_err(dev, "failed to deassert reset\n"); + goto reset_assert; + } + + ret = clk_bulk_get_all(dwc3->dev, &dwc3->clks); + if (ret < 0) { + dev_err(dev, "failed to get clocks\n"); + goto reset_assert; + } + + dwc3->num_clocks = ret; + + ret = clk_bulk_prepare_enable(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); + if (ret) { + dev_err(dev, "failed to enable clocks\n"); + goto reset_assert; + } + + dwc3->dwc.dev = dev; + probe_data.dwc = &dwc3->dwc; + probe_data.res = res; + probe_data.ignore_clocks_and_resets = true; + ret = dwc3_core_probe(&probe_data); + if (ret) { + dev_err(dev, "failed to register DWC3 Core\n"); + goto clk_disable; + } + + return 0; + +clk_disable: + clk_bulk_disable_unprepare(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); + clk_bulk_put_all(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); + +reset_assert: + reset_control_assert(dwc3->resets); + + return ret; +} + +static void dwc3_generic_remove(struct platform_device *pdev) +{ + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = platform_get_drvdata(pdev); + + dwc3_core_remove(&dwc3->dwc); + + clk_bulk_disable_unprepare(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); + clk_bulk_put_all(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); + + reset_control_assert(dwc3->resets); +} + +static int __maybe_unused dwc3_generic_suspend(struct device *dev) +{ + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = dev_get_drvdata(dev); + int ret; + + ret = dwc3_pm_suspend(&dwc3->dwc); + if (ret) + return ret; + + clk_bulk_disable_unprepare(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); + + return 0; +} + +static int __maybe_unused dwc3_generic_resume(struct device *dev) +{ + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = dev_get_drvdata(dev); + int ret; + + ret = clk_bulk_prepare_enable(dwc3->num_clocks, dwc3->clks); + if (ret) + return ret; + + ret = dwc3_pm_resume(&dwc3->dwc); + if (ret) + return ret; + + return 0; +} + +static int __maybe_unused dwc3_generic_runtime_suspend(struct device *dev) +{ + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = dev_get_drvdata(dev); + + return dwc3_runtime_suspend(&dwc3->dwc); +} + +static int __maybe_unused dwc3_generic_runtime_resume(struct device *dev) +{ + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = dev_get_drvdata(dev); + + return dwc3_runtime_resume(&dwc3->dwc); +} + +static int __maybe_unused dwc3_generic_runtime_idle(struct device *dev) +{ + struct dwc3_generic *dwc3 = dev_get_drvdata(dev); + + return dwc3_runtime_idle(&dwc3->dwc); +} + +static const struct dev_pm_ops dwc3_generic_dev_pm_ops = { + SET_SYSTEM_SLEEP_PM_OPS(dwc3_generic_suspend, dwc3_generic_resume) + SET_RUNTIME_PM_OPS(dwc3_generic_runtime_suspend, dwc3_generic_runtime_resume, + dwc3_generic_runtime_idle) +}; + +static const struct of_device_id dwc3_generic_of_match[] = { + { .compatible = "spacemit,k1-dwc3", }, + { /* sentinel */ } +}; +MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, dwc3_generic_of_match); + +static struct platform_driver dwc3_generic_driver = { + .probe = dwc3_generic_probe, + .remove = dwc3_generic_remove, + .driver = { + .name = "dwc3-generic-plat", + .of_match_table = dwc3_generic_of_match, +#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP + .pm = &dwc3_generic_dev_pm_ops, +#endif /* CONFIG_PM_SLEEP */ + }, +}; +module_platform_driver(dwc3_generic_driver); + +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("DesignWare USB3 generic platform driver");
To support flattened dwc3 dt model and drop the glue layer, introduce the `dwc3-generic` driver. This enables direct binding of the DWC3 core driver and offers an alternative to the existing glue driver `dwc3-of-simple`. Signed-off-by: Ze Huang <huangze@whut.edu.cn> --- drivers/usb/dwc3/Kconfig | 9 ++ drivers/usb/dwc3/Makefile | 1 + drivers/usb/dwc3/dwc3-generic-plat.c | 189 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 199 insertions(+)