diff --git a/fs/9p/vfs_addr.c b/fs/9p/vfs_addr.c
index 32619d146cbc..b5a4a28e0fe7 100644
--- a/fs/9p/vfs_addr.c
+++ b/fs/9p/vfs_addr.c
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ static void v9fs_issue_write(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq)
 	len = p9_client_write(fid, subreq->start, &subreq->io_iter, &err);
 	if (len > 0)
 		__set_bit(NETFS_SREQ_MADE_PROGRESS, &subreq->flags);
-	netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, len ?: err, false);
+	netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, len ?: err);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/fs/afs/write.c b/fs/afs/write.c
index 18b0a9f1615e..7df7b2f5e7b2 100644
--- a/fs/afs/write.c
+++ b/fs/afs/write.c
@@ -120,17 +120,17 @@ static void afs_issue_write_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 
 #if 0 // Error injection
 	if (subreq->debug_index == 3)
-		return netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, -ENOANO, false);
+		return netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, -ENOANO);
 
 	if (!subreq->retry_count) {
 		set_bit(NETFS_SREQ_NEED_RETRY, &subreq->flags);
-		return netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, -EAGAIN, false);
+		return netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, -EAGAIN);
 	}
 #endif
 
 	op = afs_alloc_operation(wreq->netfs_priv, vnode->volume);
 	if (IS_ERR(op))
-		return netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, -EAGAIN, false);
+		return netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, -EAGAIN);
 
 	afs_op_set_vnode(op, 0, vnode);
 	op->file[0].dv_delta	= 1;
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ static void afs_issue_write_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 		break;
 	}
 
-	netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, ret < 0 ? ret : subreq->len, false);
+	netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, ret < 0 ? ret : subreq->len);
 }
 
 void afs_issue_write(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq)
diff --git a/fs/cachefiles/io.c b/fs/cachefiles/io.c
index 92058ae43488..c08e4a66ac07 100644
--- a/fs/cachefiles/io.c
+++ b/fs/cachefiles/io.c
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ static void cachefiles_read_complete(struct kiocb *iocb, long ret)
 				ret = -ESTALE;
 		}
 
-		ki->term_func(ki->term_func_priv, ret, ki->was_async);
+		ki->term_func(ki->term_func_priv, ret);
 	}
 
 	cachefiles_put_kiocb(ki);
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ static int cachefiles_read(struct netfs_cache_resources *cres,
 
 presubmission_error:
 	if (term_func)
-		term_func(term_func_priv, ret < 0 ? ret : skipped, false);
+		term_func(term_func_priv, ret < 0 ? ret : skipped);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ static void cachefiles_write_complete(struct kiocb *iocb, long ret)
 	atomic_long_sub(ki->b_writing, &object->volume->cache->b_writing);
 	set_bit(FSCACHE_COOKIE_HAVE_DATA, &object->cookie->flags);
 	if (ki->term_func)
-		ki->term_func(ki->term_func_priv, ret, ki->was_async);
+		ki->term_func(ki->term_func_priv, ret);
 	cachefiles_put_kiocb(ki);
 }
 
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ int __cachefiles_write(struct cachefiles_object *object,
 	ki = kzalloc(sizeof(struct cachefiles_kiocb), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!ki) {
 		if (term_func)
-			term_func(term_func_priv, -ENOMEM, false);
+			term_func(term_func_priv, -ENOMEM);
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ static int cachefiles_write(struct netfs_cache_resources *cres,
 {
 	if (!fscache_wait_for_operation(cres, FSCACHE_WANT_WRITE)) {
 		if (term_func)
-			term_func(term_func_priv, -ENOBUFS, false);
+			term_func(term_func_priv, -ENOBUFS);
 		trace_netfs_sreq(term_func_priv, netfs_sreq_trace_cache_nowrite);
 		return -ENOBUFS;
 	}
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ static void cachefiles_issue_write(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq)
 		pre = CACHEFILES_DIO_BLOCK_SIZE - off;
 		if (pre >= len) {
 			fscache_count_dio_misfit();
-			netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, len, false);
+			netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, len);
 			return;
 		}
 		subreq->transferred += pre;
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ static void cachefiles_issue_write(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq)
 		len -= post;
 		if (len == 0) {
 			fscache_count_dio_misfit();
-			netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, post, false);
+			netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, post);
 			return;
 		}
 		iov_iter_truncate(&subreq->io_iter, len);
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ static void cachefiles_issue_write(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq)
 					 &start, &len, len, true);
 	cachefiles_end_secure(cache, saved_cred);
 	if (ret < 0) {
-		netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, ret, false);
+		netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, ret);
 		return;
 	}
 
diff --git a/fs/ceph/addr.c b/fs/ceph/addr.c
index 29be367905a1..557c326561fd 100644
--- a/fs/ceph/addr.c
+++ b/fs/ceph/addr.c
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ static void ceph_set_page_fscache(struct page *page)
 	folio_start_private_2(page_folio(page)); /* [DEPRECATED] */
 }
 
-static void ceph_fscache_write_terminated(void *priv, ssize_t error, bool was_async)
+static void ceph_fscache_write_terminated(void *priv, ssize_t error)
 {
 	struct inode *inode = priv;
 
diff --git a/fs/erofs/fscache.c b/fs/erofs/fscache.c
index 9c9129bca346..34517ca9df91 100644
--- a/fs/erofs/fscache.c
+++ b/fs/erofs/fscache.c
@@ -102,8 +102,7 @@ static void erofs_fscache_req_io_put(struct erofs_fscache_io *io)
 		erofs_fscache_req_put(req);
 }
 
-static void erofs_fscache_req_end_io(void *priv,
-		ssize_t transferred_or_error, bool was_async)
+static void erofs_fscache_req_end_io(void *priv, ssize_t transferred_or_error)
 {
 	struct erofs_fscache_io *io = priv;
 	struct erofs_fscache_rq *req = io->private;
@@ -180,8 +179,7 @@ struct erofs_fscache_bio {
 	struct bio_vec bvecs[BIO_MAX_VECS];
 };
 
-static void erofs_fscache_bio_endio(void *priv,
-		ssize_t transferred_or_error, bool was_async)
+static void erofs_fscache_bio_endio(void *priv, ssize_t transferred_or_error)
 {
 	struct erofs_fscache_bio *io = priv;
 
diff --git a/fs/netfs/buffered_read.c b/fs/netfs/buffered_read.c
index 0d1b6d35ff3b..cb6202efc466 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/buffered_read.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/buffered_read.c
@@ -262,9 +262,9 @@ static void netfs_read_to_pagecache(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
 				if (ret < 0) {
 					subreq->error = ret;
 					/* Not queued - release both refs. */
-					netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, false,
+					netfs_put_subrequest(subreq,
 							     netfs_sreq_trace_put_cancel);
-					netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, false,
+					netfs_put_subrequest(subreq,
 							     netfs_sreq_trace_put_cancel);
 					break;
 				}
@@ -297,8 +297,8 @@ static void netfs_read_to_pagecache(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
 			subreq->error = ret;
 			trace_netfs_sreq(subreq, netfs_sreq_trace_cancel);
 			/* Not queued - release both refs. */
-			netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, false, netfs_sreq_trace_put_cancel);
-			netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, false, netfs_sreq_trace_put_cancel);
+			netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, netfs_sreq_trace_put_cancel);
+			netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, netfs_sreq_trace_put_cancel);
 			break;
 		}
 		size -= slice;
@@ -365,12 +365,10 @@ void netfs_readahead(struct readahead_control *ractl)
 		goto cleanup_free;
 	netfs_read_to_pagecache(rreq);
 
-	netfs_put_request(rreq, true, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
-	return;
+	return netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
 
 cleanup_free:
-	netfs_put_request(rreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_failed);
-	return;
+	return netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_failed);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(netfs_readahead);
 
@@ -470,11 +468,11 @@ static int netfs_read_gaps(struct file *file, struct folio *folio)
 		folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
 	}
 	folio_unlock(folio);
-	netfs_put_request(rreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
+	netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
 	return ret < 0 ? ret : 0;
 
 discard:
-	netfs_put_request(rreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_discard);
+	netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_discard);
 alloc_error:
 	folio_unlock(folio);
 	return ret;
@@ -530,11 +528,11 @@ int netfs_read_folio(struct file *file, struct folio *folio)
 
 	netfs_read_to_pagecache(rreq);
 	ret = netfs_wait_for_read(rreq);
-	netfs_put_request(rreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
+	netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
 	return ret < 0 ? ret : 0;
 
 discard:
-	netfs_put_request(rreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_discard);
+	netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_discard);
 alloc_error:
 	folio_unlock(folio);
 	return ret;
@@ -689,7 +687,7 @@ int netfs_write_begin(struct netfs_inode *ctx,
 	ret = netfs_wait_for_read(rreq);
 	if (ret < 0)
 		goto error;
-	netfs_put_request(rreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
+	netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
 
 have_folio:
 	ret = folio_wait_private_2_killable(folio);
@@ -701,7 +699,7 @@ int netfs_write_begin(struct netfs_inode *ctx,
 	return 0;
 
 error_put:
-	netfs_put_request(rreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_failed);
+	netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_failed);
 error:
 	if (folio) {
 		folio_unlock(folio);
@@ -752,11 +750,11 @@ int netfs_prefetch_for_write(struct file *file, struct folio *folio,
 
 	netfs_read_to_pagecache(rreq);
 	ret = netfs_wait_for_read(rreq);
-	netfs_put_request(rreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
+	netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
 	return ret < 0 ? ret : 0;
 
 error_put:
-	netfs_put_request(rreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_discard);
+	netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_discard);
 error:
 	_leave(" = %d", ret);
 	return ret;
diff --git a/fs/netfs/direct_read.c b/fs/netfs/direct_read.c
index 5e3f0aeb51f3..cb3c6dc0b165 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/direct_read.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/direct_read.c
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ static int netfs_dispatch_unbuffered_reads(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
 		if (rreq->netfs_ops->prepare_read) {
 			ret = rreq->netfs_ops->prepare_read(subreq);
 			if (ret < 0) {
-				netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, false, netfs_sreq_trace_put_cancel);
+				netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, netfs_sreq_trace_put_cancel);
 				break;
 			}
 		}
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ static ssize_t netfs_unbuffered_read(struct netfs_io_request *rreq, bool sync)
 	ret = netfs_dispatch_unbuffered_reads(rreq);
 
 	if (!rreq->submitted) {
-		netfs_put_request(rreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_no_submit);
+		netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_no_submit);
 		inode_dio_end(rreq->inode);
 		ret = 0;
 		goto out;
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ ssize_t netfs_unbuffered_read_iter_locked(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *i
 	}
 
 out:
-	netfs_put_request(rreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
+	netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
 	if (ret > 0)
 		orig_count -= ret;
 	return ret;
diff --git a/fs/netfs/direct_write.c b/fs/netfs/direct_write.c
index 42ce53cc216e..c98f1676f86d 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/direct_write.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/direct_write.c
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ ssize_t netfs_unbuffered_write_iter_locked(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *
 	}
 
 out:
-	netfs_put_request(wreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
+	netfs_put_request(wreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
 	return ret;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(netfs_unbuffered_write_iter_locked);
diff --git a/fs/netfs/fscache_io.c b/fs/netfs/fscache_io.c
index b1722a82c03d..e4308457633c 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/fscache_io.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/fscache_io.c
@@ -192,8 +192,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(__fscache_clear_page_bits);
 /*
  * Deal with the completion of writing the data to the cache.
  */
-static void fscache_wreq_done(void *priv, ssize_t transferred_or_error,
-			      bool was_async)
+static void fscache_wreq_done(void *priv, ssize_t transferred_or_error)
 {
 	struct fscache_write_request *wreq = priv;
 
@@ -202,8 +201,7 @@ static void fscache_wreq_done(void *priv, ssize_t transferred_or_error,
 					wreq->set_bits);
 
 	if (wreq->term_func)
-		wreq->term_func(wreq->term_func_priv, transferred_or_error,
-				was_async);
+		wreq->term_func(wreq->term_func_priv, transferred_or_error);
 	fscache_end_operation(&wreq->cache_resources);
 	kfree(wreq);
 }
@@ -255,14 +253,14 @@ void __fscache_write_to_cache(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
 	return;
 
 abandon_end:
-	return fscache_wreq_done(wreq, ret, false);
+	return fscache_wreq_done(wreq, ret);
 abandon_free:
 	kfree(wreq);
 abandon:
 	if (using_pgpriv2)
 		fscache_clear_page_bits(mapping, start, len, cond);
 	if (term_func)
-		term_func(term_func_priv, ret, false);
+		term_func(term_func_priv, ret);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__fscache_write_to_cache);
 
diff --git a/fs/netfs/internal.h b/fs/netfs/internal.h
index 1c4f953c3d68..b6500a7cda81 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/internal.h
+++ b/fs/netfs/internal.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 /*
  * buffered_read.c
  */
-void netfs_cache_read_terminated(void *priv, ssize_t transferred_or_error, bool was_async);
+void netfs_cache_read_terminated(void *priv, ssize_t transferred_or_error);
 int netfs_prefetch_for_write(struct file *file, struct folio *folio,
 			     size_t offset, size_t len);
 
@@ -71,9 +71,8 @@ struct netfs_io_request *netfs_alloc_request(struct address_space *mapping,
 					     loff_t start, size_t len,
 					     enum netfs_io_origin origin);
 void netfs_get_request(struct netfs_io_request *rreq, enum netfs_rreq_ref_trace what);
-void netfs_clear_subrequests(struct netfs_io_request *rreq, bool was_async);
-void netfs_put_request(struct netfs_io_request *rreq, bool was_async,
-		       enum netfs_rreq_ref_trace what);
+void netfs_clear_subrequests(struct netfs_io_request *rreq);
+void netfs_put_request(struct netfs_io_request *rreq, enum netfs_rreq_ref_trace what);
 struct netfs_io_subrequest *netfs_alloc_subrequest(struct netfs_io_request *rreq);
 
 static inline void netfs_see_request(struct netfs_io_request *rreq,
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ static inline void netfs_see_subrequest(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq,
  */
 void netfs_read_collection_worker(struct work_struct *work);
 void netfs_wake_read_collector(struct netfs_io_request *rreq);
-void netfs_cache_read_terminated(void *priv, ssize_t transferred_or_error, bool was_async);
+void netfs_cache_read_terminated(void *priv, ssize_t transferred_or_error);
 ssize_t netfs_wait_for_read(struct netfs_io_request *rreq);
 void netfs_wait_for_pause(struct netfs_io_request *rreq);
 
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ static inline void netfs_stat_d(atomic_t *stat)
  */
 int netfs_folio_written_back(struct folio *folio);
 void netfs_write_collection_worker(struct work_struct *work);
-void netfs_wake_write_collector(struct netfs_io_request *wreq, bool was_async);
+void netfs_wake_write_collector(struct netfs_io_request *wreq);
 
 /*
  * write_issue.c
diff --git a/fs/netfs/objects.c b/fs/netfs/objects.c
index dc6b41ef18b0..d3eb9ba3013a 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/objects.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/objects.c
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include "internal.h"
 
+static void netfs_free_request(struct work_struct *work);
+
 /*
  * Allocate an I/O request and initialise it.
  */
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@ struct netfs_io_request *netfs_alloc_request(struct address_space *mapping,
 	}
 
 	memset(rreq, 0, kmem_cache_size(cache));
+	INIT_WORK(&rreq->cleanup_work, netfs_free_request);
 	rreq->start	= start;
 	rreq->len	= len;
 	rreq->origin	= origin;
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ struct netfs_io_request *netfs_alloc_request(struct address_space *mapping,
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rreq->io_streams[0].subrequests);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rreq->io_streams[1].subrequests);
 	init_waitqueue_head(&rreq->waitq);
-	refcount_set(&rreq->ref, 1);
+	refcount_set(&rreq->ref, 2);
 
 	if (origin == NETFS_READAHEAD ||
 	    origin == NETFS_READPAGE ||
@@ -63,7 +66,9 @@ struct netfs_io_request *netfs_alloc_request(struct address_space *mapping,
 		INIT_WORK(&rreq->work, netfs_write_collection_worker);
 	}
 
+	/* The IN_PROGRESS flag comes with a ref. */
 	__set_bit(NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS, &rreq->flags);
+
 	if (file && file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
 		__set_bit(NETFS_RREQ_NONBLOCK, &rreq->flags);
 	if (rreq->netfs_ops->init_request) {
@@ -75,7 +80,7 @@ struct netfs_io_request *netfs_alloc_request(struct address_space *mapping,
 	}
 
 	atomic_inc(&ctx->io_count);
-	trace_netfs_rreq_ref(rreq->debug_id, 1, netfs_rreq_trace_new);
+	trace_netfs_rreq_ref(rreq->debug_id, refcount_read(&rreq->ref), netfs_rreq_trace_new);
 	netfs_proc_add_rreq(rreq);
 	netfs_stat(&netfs_n_rh_rreq);
 	return rreq;
@@ -89,7 +94,7 @@ void netfs_get_request(struct netfs_io_request *rreq, enum netfs_rreq_ref_trace
 	trace_netfs_rreq_ref(rreq->debug_id, r + 1, what);
 }
 
-void netfs_clear_subrequests(struct netfs_io_request *rreq, bool was_async)
+void netfs_clear_subrequests(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
 {
 	struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq;
 	struct netfs_io_stream *stream;
@@ -101,8 +106,7 @@ void netfs_clear_subrequests(struct netfs_io_request *rreq, bool was_async)
 			subreq = list_first_entry(&stream->subrequests,
 						  struct netfs_io_subrequest, rreq_link);
 			list_del(&subreq->rreq_link);
-			netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, was_async,
-					     netfs_sreq_trace_put_clear);
+			netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, netfs_sreq_trace_put_clear);
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -118,13 +122,19 @@ static void netfs_free_request_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
 static void netfs_free_request(struct work_struct *work)
 {
 	struct netfs_io_request *rreq =
-		container_of(work, struct netfs_io_request, work);
+		container_of(work, struct netfs_io_request, cleanup_work);
 	struct netfs_inode *ictx = netfs_inode(rreq->inode);
 	unsigned int i;
 
 	trace_netfs_rreq(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_free);
+
+	/* Cancel/flush the result collection worker.  That does not carry a
+	 * ref of its own, so we must wait for it somewhere.
+	 */
+	cancel_work_sync(&rreq->work);
+
 	netfs_proc_del_rreq(rreq);
-	netfs_clear_subrequests(rreq, false);
+	netfs_clear_subrequests(rreq);
 	if (rreq->netfs_ops->free_request)
 		rreq->netfs_ops->free_request(rreq);
 	if (rreq->cache_resources.ops)
@@ -145,8 +155,7 @@ static void netfs_free_request(struct work_struct *work)
 	call_rcu(&rreq->rcu, netfs_free_request_rcu);
 }
 
-void netfs_put_request(struct netfs_io_request *rreq, bool was_async,
-		       enum netfs_rreq_ref_trace what)
+void netfs_put_request(struct netfs_io_request *rreq, enum netfs_rreq_ref_trace what)
 {
 	unsigned int debug_id;
 	bool dead;
@@ -156,15 +165,8 @@ void netfs_put_request(struct netfs_io_request *rreq, bool was_async,
 		debug_id = rreq->debug_id;
 		dead = __refcount_dec_and_test(&rreq->ref, &r);
 		trace_netfs_rreq_ref(debug_id, r - 1, what);
-		if (dead) {
-			if (was_async) {
-				rreq->work.func = netfs_free_request;
-				if (!queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &rreq->work))
-					WARN_ON(1);
-			} else {
-				netfs_free_request(&rreq->work);
-			}
-		}
+		if (dead)
+			WARN_ON(!queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &rreq->cleanup_work));
 	}
 }
 
@@ -206,8 +208,7 @@ void netfs_get_subrequest(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq,
 			     what);
 }
 
-static void netfs_free_subrequest(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq,
-				  bool was_async)
+static void netfs_free_subrequest(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq)
 {
 	struct netfs_io_request *rreq = subreq->rreq;
 
@@ -216,10 +217,10 @@ static void netfs_free_subrequest(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq,
 		rreq->netfs_ops->free_subrequest(subreq);
 	mempool_free(subreq, rreq->netfs_ops->subrequest_pool ?: &netfs_subrequest_pool);
 	netfs_stat_d(&netfs_n_rh_sreq);
-	netfs_put_request(rreq, was_async, netfs_rreq_trace_put_subreq);
+	netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_subreq);
 }
 
-void netfs_put_subrequest(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq, bool was_async,
+void netfs_put_subrequest(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq,
 			  enum netfs_sreq_ref_trace what)
 {
 	unsigned int debug_index = subreq->debug_index;
@@ -230,5 +231,5 @@ void netfs_put_subrequest(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq, bool was_async,
 	dead = __refcount_dec_and_test(&subreq->ref, &r);
 	trace_netfs_sreq_ref(debug_id, debug_index, r - 1, what);
 	if (dead)
-		netfs_free_subrequest(subreq, was_async);
+		netfs_free_subrequest(subreq);
 }
diff --git a/fs/netfs/read_collect.c b/fs/netfs/read_collect.c
index d3cf27b2697c..1197ebce5675 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/read_collect.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/read_collect.c
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ static void netfs_collect_read_results(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
 						 struct netfs_io_subrequest, rreq_link);
 		stream->front = front;
 		spin_unlock(&rreq->lock);
-		netfs_put_subrequest(remove, false,
+		netfs_put_subrequest(remove,
 				     notes & ABANDON_SREQ ?
 				     netfs_sreq_trace_put_abandon :
 				     netfs_sreq_trace_put_done);
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ static void netfs_rreq_assess_single(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
  * Note that we're in normal kernel thread context at this point, possibly
  * running on a workqueue.
  */
-static void netfs_read_collection(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
+static bool netfs_read_collection(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
 {
 	struct netfs_io_stream *stream = &rreq->io_streams[0];
 
@@ -409,11 +409,11 @@ static void netfs_read_collection(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
 	 * queue is empty.
 	 */
 	if (!test_bit(NETFS_RREQ_ALL_QUEUED, &rreq->flags))
-		return;
+		return false;
 	smp_rmb(); /* Read ALL_QUEUED before subreq lists. */
 
 	if (!list_empty(&stream->subrequests))
-		return;
+		return false;
 
 	/* Okay, declare that all I/O is complete. */
 	rreq->transferred = stream->transferred;
@@ -436,12 +436,14 @@ static void netfs_read_collection(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
 
 	trace_netfs_rreq(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_wake_ip);
 	clear_and_wake_up_bit(NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS, &rreq->flags);
+	/* As we cleared NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS, we acquired its ref. */
 
 	trace_netfs_rreq(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_done);
-	netfs_clear_subrequests(rreq, false);
+	netfs_clear_subrequests(rreq);
 	netfs_unlock_abandoned_read_pages(rreq);
 	if (unlikely(rreq->copy_to_cache))
 		netfs_pgpriv2_end_copy_to_cache(rreq);
+	return true;
 }
 
 void netfs_read_collection_worker(struct work_struct *work)
@@ -449,9 +451,13 @@ void netfs_read_collection_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 	struct netfs_io_request *rreq = container_of(work, struct netfs_io_request, work);
 
 	netfs_see_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_see_work);
-	if (test_bit(NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS, &rreq->flags))
-		netfs_read_collection(rreq);
-	netfs_put_request(rreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_work);
+	if (test_bit(NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS, &rreq->flags)) {
+		if (netfs_read_collection(rreq))
+			/* Drop the ref from the IN_PROGRESS flag. */
+			netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_work_ip);
+		else
+			netfs_see_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_see_work_complete);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -461,11 +467,7 @@ void netfs_wake_read_collector(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
 {
 	if (test_bit(NETFS_RREQ_OFFLOAD_COLLECTION, &rreq->flags) &&
 	    !test_bit(NETFS_RREQ_RETRYING, &rreq->flags)) {
-		if (!work_pending(&rreq->work)) {
-			netfs_get_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_get_work);
-			if (!queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &rreq->work))
-				netfs_put_request(rreq, true, netfs_rreq_trace_put_work_nq);
-		}
+		queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &rreq->work);
 	} else {
 		trace_netfs_rreq(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_wake_queue);
 		wake_up(&rreq->waitq);
@@ -580,14 +582,14 @@ void netfs_read_subreq_terminated(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq)
 	    test_bit(NETFS_RREQ_RETRYING, &rreq->flags))
 		netfs_wake_read_collector(rreq);
 
-	netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, true, netfs_sreq_trace_put_terminated);
+	netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, netfs_sreq_trace_put_terminated);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(netfs_read_subreq_terminated);
 
 /*
  * Handle termination of a read from the cache.
  */
-void netfs_cache_read_terminated(void *priv, ssize_t transferred_or_error, bool was_async)
+void netfs_cache_read_terminated(void *priv, ssize_t transferred_or_error)
 {
 	struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq = priv;
 
@@ -623,7 +625,11 @@ ssize_t netfs_wait_for_read(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
 		    (!test_bit(NETFS_SREQ_IN_PROGRESS, &subreq->flags) ||
 		     test_bit(NETFS_SREQ_MADE_PROGRESS, &subreq->flags))) {
 			__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
-			netfs_read_collection(rreq);
+			if (netfs_read_collection(rreq)) {
+				/* Drop the ref from the NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS flag. */
+				netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_work_ip);
+				break;
+			}
 			continue;
 		}
 
@@ -678,7 +684,11 @@ void netfs_wait_for_pause(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
 			    (!test_bit(NETFS_SREQ_IN_PROGRESS, &subreq->flags) ||
 			     test_bit(NETFS_SREQ_MADE_PROGRESS, &subreq->flags))) {
 				__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
-				netfs_read_collection(rreq);
+				if (netfs_read_collection(rreq)) {
+					/* Drop the ref from the NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS flag. */
+					netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_work_ip);
+					break;
+				}
 				continue;
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/fs/netfs/read_pgpriv2.c b/fs/netfs/read_pgpriv2.c
index cf7727060215..5bbe906a551d 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/read_pgpriv2.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/read_pgpriv2.c
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ static struct netfs_io_request *netfs_pgpriv2_begin_copy_to_cache(
 	return creq;
 
 cancel_put:
-	netfs_put_request(creq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
+	netfs_put_request(creq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
 cancel:
 	rreq->copy_to_cache = ERR_PTR(-ENOBUFS);
 	clear_bit(NETFS_RREQ_FOLIO_COPY_TO_CACHE, &rreq->flags);
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ void netfs_pgpriv2_end_copy_to_cache(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
 	smp_wmb(); /* Write lists before ALL_QUEUED. */
 	set_bit(NETFS_RREQ_ALL_QUEUED, &creq->flags);
 
-	netfs_put_request(creq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
+	netfs_put_request(creq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
 	creq->copy_to_cache = NULL;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/netfs/read_retry.c b/fs/netfs/read_retry.c
index 0f294b26e08c..1378dc7fa2cc 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/read_retry.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/read_retry.c
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ static void netfs_retry_read_subrequests(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
 						      &stream->subrequests, rreq_link) {
 				trace_netfs_sreq(subreq, netfs_sreq_trace_superfluous);
 				list_del(&subreq->rreq_link);
-				netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, false, netfs_sreq_trace_put_done);
+				netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, netfs_sreq_trace_put_done);
 				if (subreq == to)
 					break;
 			}
diff --git a/fs/netfs/read_single.c b/fs/netfs/read_single.c
index fea0ecdecc53..fa622a6cd56d 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/read_single.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/read_single.c
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ static int netfs_single_dispatch_read(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
 	set_bit(NETFS_RREQ_ALL_QUEUED, &rreq->flags);
 	return ret;
 cancel:
-	netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, false, netfs_sreq_trace_put_cancel);
+	netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, netfs_sreq_trace_put_cancel);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -185,11 +185,11 @@ ssize_t netfs_read_single(struct inode *inode, struct file *file, struct iov_ite
 	netfs_single_dispatch_read(rreq);
 
 	ret = netfs_wait_for_read(rreq);
-	netfs_put_request(rreq, true, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
+	netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
 	return ret;
 
 cleanup_free:
-	netfs_put_request(rreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_failed);
+	netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_failed);
 	return ret;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(netfs_read_single);
diff --git a/fs/netfs/write_collect.c b/fs/netfs/write_collect.c
index 3fca59e6475d..7241d1fd2c14 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/write_collect.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/write_collect.c
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ static void netfs_collect_write_results(struct netfs_io_request *wreq)
 							 struct netfs_io_subrequest, rreq_link);
 			stream->front = front;
 			spin_unlock(&wreq->lock);
-			netfs_put_subrequest(remove, false,
+			netfs_put_subrequest(remove,
 					     notes & SAW_FAILURE ?
 					     netfs_sreq_trace_put_cancel :
 					     netfs_sreq_trace_put_done);
@@ -356,30 +356,21 @@ static void netfs_collect_write_results(struct netfs_io_request *wreq)
 /*
  * Perform the collection of subrequests, folios and encryption buffers.
  */
-void netfs_write_collection_worker(struct work_struct *work)
+static bool netfs_write_collection(struct netfs_io_request *wreq)
 {
-	struct netfs_io_request *wreq = container_of(work, struct netfs_io_request, work);
 	struct netfs_inode *ictx = netfs_inode(wreq->inode);
 	size_t transferred;
 	int s;
 
 	_enter("R=%x", wreq->debug_id);
 
-	netfs_see_request(wreq, netfs_rreq_trace_see_work);
-	if (!test_bit(NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS, &wreq->flags)) {
-		netfs_put_request(wreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_work);
-		return;
-	}
-
 	netfs_collect_write_results(wreq);
 
 	/* We're done when the app thread has finished posting subreqs and all
 	 * the queues in all the streams are empty.
 	 */
-	if (!test_bit(NETFS_RREQ_ALL_QUEUED, &wreq->flags)) {
-		netfs_put_request(wreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_work);
-		return;
-	}
+	if (!test_bit(NETFS_RREQ_ALL_QUEUED, &wreq->flags))
+		return false;
 	smp_rmb(); /* Read ALL_QUEUED before lists. */
 
 	transferred = LONG_MAX;
@@ -387,10 +378,8 @@ void netfs_write_collection_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 		struct netfs_io_stream *stream = &wreq->io_streams[s];
 		if (!stream->active)
 			continue;
-		if (!list_empty(&stream->subrequests)) {
-			netfs_put_request(wreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_work);
-			return;
-		}
+		if (!list_empty(&stream->subrequests))
+			return false;
 		if (stream->transferred < transferred)
 			transferred = stream->transferred;
 	}
@@ -430,6 +419,7 @@ void netfs_write_collection_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 	_debug("finished");
 	trace_netfs_rreq(wreq, netfs_rreq_trace_wake_ip);
 	clear_and_wake_up_bit(NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS, &wreq->flags);
+	/* As we cleared NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS, we acquired its ref. */
 
 	if (wreq->iocb) {
 		size_t written = min(wreq->transferred, wreq->len);
@@ -440,27 +430,36 @@ void netfs_write_collection_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 		wreq->iocb = VFS_PTR_POISON;
 	}
 
-	netfs_clear_subrequests(wreq, false);
-	netfs_put_request(wreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_work_complete);
+	netfs_clear_subrequests(wreq);
+	return true;
+}
+
+void netfs_write_collection_worker(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+	struct netfs_io_request *rreq = container_of(work, struct netfs_io_request, work);
+
+	netfs_see_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_see_work);
+	if (test_bit(NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS, &rreq->flags)) {
+		if (netfs_write_collection(rreq))
+			/* Drop the ref from the IN_PROGRESS flag. */
+			netfs_put_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_work_ip);
+		else
+			netfs_see_request(rreq, netfs_rreq_trace_see_work_complete);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
  * Wake the collection work item.
  */
-void netfs_wake_write_collector(struct netfs_io_request *wreq, bool was_async)
+void netfs_wake_write_collector(struct netfs_io_request *wreq)
 {
-	if (!work_pending(&wreq->work)) {
-		netfs_get_request(wreq, netfs_rreq_trace_get_work);
-		if (!queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &wreq->work))
-			netfs_put_request(wreq, was_async, netfs_rreq_trace_put_work_nq);
-	}
+	queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &wreq->work);
 }
 
 /**
  * netfs_write_subrequest_terminated - Note the termination of a write operation.
  * @_op: The I/O request that has terminated.
  * @transferred_or_error: The amount of data transferred or an error code.
- * @was_async: The termination was asynchronous
  *
  * This tells the library that a contributory write I/O operation has
  * terminated, one way or another, and that it should collect the results.
@@ -470,17 +469,13 @@ void netfs_wake_write_collector(struct netfs_io_request *wreq, bool was_async)
  * negative error code.  The library will look after reissuing I/O operations
  * as appropriate and writing downloaded data to the cache.
  *
- * If @was_async is true, the caller might be running in softirq or interrupt
- * context and we can't sleep.
- *
  * When this is called, ownership of the subrequest is transferred back to the
  * library, along with a ref.
  *
  * Note that %_op is a void* so that the function can be passed to
  * kiocb::term_func without the need for a casting wrapper.
  */
-void netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(void *_op, ssize_t transferred_or_error,
-				       bool was_async)
+void netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(void *_op, ssize_t transferred_or_error)
 {
 	struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq = _op;
 	struct netfs_io_request *wreq = subreq->rreq;
@@ -543,8 +538,8 @@ void netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(void *_op, ssize_t transferred_or_error,
 	 * transferring a ref to it if we were the ones to do so.
 	 */
 	if (list_is_first(&subreq->rreq_link, &stream->subrequests))
-		netfs_wake_write_collector(wreq, was_async);
+		netfs_wake_write_collector(wreq);
 
-	netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, was_async, netfs_sreq_trace_put_terminated);
+	netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, netfs_sreq_trace_put_terminated);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(netfs_write_subrequest_terminated);
diff --git a/fs/netfs/write_issue.c b/fs/netfs/write_issue.c
index 77279fc5b5a7..8744ed3faf29 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/write_issue.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/write_issue.c
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ struct netfs_io_request *netfs_create_write_req(struct address_space *mapping,
 	return wreq;
 nomem:
 	wreq->error = -ENOMEM;
-	netfs_put_request(wreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_failed);
+	netfs_put_request(wreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_failed);
 	return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 }
 
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ static void netfs_do_issue_write(struct netfs_io_stream *stream,
 	_enter("R=%x[%x],%zx", wreq->debug_id, subreq->debug_index, subreq->len);
 
 	if (test_bit(NETFS_SREQ_FAILED, &subreq->flags))
-		return netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, subreq->error, false);
+		return netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, subreq->error);
 
 	trace_netfs_sreq(subreq, netfs_sreq_trace_submit);
 	stream->issue_write(subreq);
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ static void netfs_end_issue_write(struct netfs_io_request *wreq)
 	}
 
 	if (needs_poke)
-		netfs_wake_write_collector(wreq, false);
+		netfs_wake_write_collector(wreq);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -599,8 +599,9 @@ int netfs_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
 	netfs_end_issue_write(wreq);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&ictx->wb_lock);
+	netfs_wake_write_collector(wreq);
 
-	netfs_put_request(wreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
+	netfs_put_request(wreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
 	_leave(" = %d", error);
 	return error;
 
@@ -694,7 +695,7 @@ int netfs_end_writethrough(struct netfs_io_request *wreq, struct writeback_contr
 		wait_on_bit(&wreq->flags, NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
 		ret = wreq->error;
 	}
-	netfs_put_request(wreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
+	netfs_put_request(wreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -885,7 +886,7 @@ int netfs_writeback_single(struct address_space *mapping,
 		goto couldnt_start;
 	}
 
-	trace_netfs_write(wreq, netfs_write_trace_writeback);
+	trace_netfs_write(wreq, netfs_write_trace_writeback_single);
 	netfs_stat(&netfs_n_wh_writepages);
 
 	if (__test_and_set_bit(NETFS_RREQ_UPLOAD_TO_SERVER, &wreq->flags))
@@ -914,8 +915,9 @@ int netfs_writeback_single(struct address_space *mapping,
 	set_bit(NETFS_RREQ_ALL_QUEUED, &wreq->flags);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&ictx->wb_lock);
+	netfs_wake_write_collector(wreq);
 
-	netfs_put_request(wreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
+	netfs_put_request(wreq, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
 	_leave(" = %d", ret);
 	return ret;
 
diff --git a/fs/netfs/write_retry.c b/fs/netfs/write_retry.c
index 9b1ca8b0f4dd..7408f6bb8e42 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/write_retry.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/write_retry.c
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ static void netfs_retry_write_stream(struct netfs_io_request *wreq,
 						      &stream->subrequests, rreq_link) {
 				trace_netfs_sreq(subreq, netfs_sreq_trace_discard);
 				list_del(&subreq->rreq_link);
-				netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, false, netfs_sreq_trace_put_done);
+				netfs_put_subrequest(subreq, netfs_sreq_trace_put_done);
 				if (subreq == to)
 					break;
 			}
diff --git a/fs/smb/client/cifsproto.h b/fs/smb/client/cifsproto.h
index ecf774a8f1ca..66093fa78aed 100644
--- a/fs/smb/client/cifsproto.h
+++ b/fs/smb/client/cifsproto.h
@@ -151,8 +151,7 @@ extern bool is_size_safe_to_change(struct cifsInodeInfo *cifsInode, __u64 eof,
 				   bool from_readdir);
 extern void cifs_update_eof(struct cifsInodeInfo *cifsi, loff_t offset,
 			    unsigned int bytes_written);
-void cifs_write_subrequest_terminated(struct cifs_io_subrequest *wdata, ssize_t result,
-				      bool was_async);
+void cifs_write_subrequest_terminated(struct cifs_io_subrequest *wdata, ssize_t result);
 extern struct cifsFileInfo *find_writable_file(struct cifsInodeInfo *, int);
 extern int cifs_get_writable_file(struct cifsInodeInfo *cifs_inode,
 				  int flags,
diff --git a/fs/smb/client/cifssmb.c b/fs/smb/client/cifssmb.c
index f55457b4b82e..477792c07d45 100644
--- a/fs/smb/client/cifssmb.c
+++ b/fs/smb/client/cifssmb.c
@@ -1725,7 +1725,7 @@ cifs_writev_callback(struct mid_q_entry *mid)
 			      server->credits, server->in_flight,
 			      0, cifs_trace_rw_credits_write_response_clear);
 	wdata->credits.value = 0;
-	cifs_write_subrequest_terminated(wdata, result, true);
+	cifs_write_subrequest_terminated(wdata, result);
 	release_mid(mid);
 	trace_smb3_rw_credits(credits.rreq_debug_id, credits.rreq_debug_index, 0,
 			      server->credits, server->in_flight,
@@ -1813,7 +1813,7 @@ cifs_async_writev(struct cifs_io_subrequest *wdata)
 out:
 	if (rc) {
 		add_credits_and_wake_if(wdata->server, &wdata->credits, 0);
-		cifs_write_subrequest_terminated(wdata, rc, false);
+		cifs_write_subrequest_terminated(wdata, rc);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/smb/client/file.c b/fs/smb/client/file.c
index 950aa4f912f5..3000c8a9d3ea 100644
--- a/fs/smb/client/file.c
+++ b/fs/smb/client/file.c
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ static void cifs_issue_write(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq)
 	else
 		trace_netfs_sreq(subreq, netfs_sreq_trace_fail);
 	add_credits_and_wake_if(wdata->server, &wdata->credits, 0);
-	cifs_write_subrequest_terminated(wdata, rc, false);
+	cifs_write_subrequest_terminated(wdata, rc);
 	goto out;
 }
 
@@ -2423,8 +2423,7 @@ int cifs_lock(struct file *file, int cmd, struct file_lock *flock)
 	return rc;
 }
 
-void cifs_write_subrequest_terminated(struct cifs_io_subrequest *wdata, ssize_t result,
-				      bool was_async)
+void cifs_write_subrequest_terminated(struct cifs_io_subrequest *wdata, ssize_t result)
 {
 	struct netfs_io_request *wreq = wdata->rreq;
 	struct netfs_inode *ictx = netfs_inode(wreq->inode);
@@ -2441,7 +2440,7 @@ void cifs_write_subrequest_terminated(struct cifs_io_subrequest *wdata, ssize_t
 			netfs_resize_file(ictx, wrend, true);
 	}
 
-	netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(&wdata->subreq, result, was_async);
+	netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(&wdata->subreq, result);
 }
 
 struct cifsFileInfo *find_readable_file(struct cifsInodeInfo *cifs_inode,
diff --git a/fs/smb/client/smb2pdu.c b/fs/smb/client/smb2pdu.c
index 4e28632b5fd6..399185ca7cac 100644
--- a/fs/smb/client/smb2pdu.c
+++ b/fs/smb/client/smb2pdu.c
@@ -4888,7 +4888,7 @@ smb2_writev_callback(struct mid_q_entry *mid)
 			      0, cifs_trace_rw_credits_write_response_clear);
 	wdata->credits.value = 0;
 	trace_netfs_sreq(&wdata->subreq, netfs_sreq_trace_io_progress);
-	cifs_write_subrequest_terminated(wdata, result ?: written, true);
+	cifs_write_subrequest_terminated(wdata, result ?: written);
 	release_mid(mid);
 	trace_smb3_rw_credits(rreq_debug_id, subreq_debug_index, 0,
 			      server->credits, server->in_flight,
@@ -5061,7 +5061,7 @@ smb2_async_writev(struct cifs_io_subrequest *wdata)
 				      -(int)wdata->credits.value,
 				      cifs_trace_rw_credits_write_response_clear);
 		add_credits_and_wake_if(wdata->server, &wdata->credits, 0);
-		cifs_write_subrequest_terminated(wdata, rc, true);
+		cifs_write_subrequest_terminated(wdata, rc);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/include/linux/fscache.h b/include/linux/fscache.h
index 9de27643607f..266e6c9e6f83 100644
--- a/include/linux/fscache.h
+++ b/include/linux/fscache.h
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ static inline void fscache_write_to_cache(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
 					 term_func, term_func_priv,
 					 using_pgpriv2, caching);
 	else if (term_func)
-		term_func(term_func_priv, -ENOBUFS, false);
+		term_func(term_func_priv, -ENOBUFS);
 
 }
 
diff --git a/include/linux/netfs.h b/include/linux/netfs.h
index 497c4f4698f6..c3f230732f51 100644
--- a/include/linux/netfs.h
+++ b/include/linux/netfs.h
@@ -51,8 +51,7 @@ enum netfs_io_source {
 	NETFS_INVALID_WRITE,
 } __mode(byte);
 
-typedef void (*netfs_io_terminated_t)(void *priv, ssize_t transferred_or_error,
-				      bool was_async);
+typedef void (*netfs_io_terminated_t)(void *priv, ssize_t transferred_or_error);
 
 /*
  * Per-inode context.  This wraps the VFS inode.
@@ -223,9 +222,10 @@ enum netfs_io_origin {
  */
 struct netfs_io_request {
 	union {
-		struct work_struct work;
+		struct work_struct cleanup_work; /* Deferred cleanup work */
 		struct rcu_head rcu;
 	};
+	struct work_struct	work;		/* Result collector work */
 	struct inode		*inode;		/* The file being accessed */
 	struct address_space	*mapping;	/* The mapping being accessed */
 	struct kiocb		*iocb;		/* AIO completion vector */
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ struct netfs_io_request {
 #define NETFS_RREQ_NO_UNLOCK_FOLIO	2	/* Don't unlock no_unlock_folio on completion */
 #define NETFS_RREQ_DONT_UNLOCK_FOLIOS	3	/* Don't unlock the folios on completion */
 #define NETFS_RREQ_FAILED		4	/* The request failed */
-#define NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS		5	/* Unlocked when the request completes */
+#define NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS		5	/* Unlocked when the request completes (has ref) */
 #define NETFS_RREQ_FOLIO_COPY_TO_CACHE	6	/* Copy current folio to cache from read */
 #define NETFS_RREQ_UPLOAD_TO_SERVER	8	/* Need to write to the server */
 #define NETFS_RREQ_NONBLOCK		9	/* Don't block if possible (O_NONBLOCK) */
@@ -440,15 +440,14 @@ void netfs_read_subreq_terminated(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq);
 void netfs_get_subrequest(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq,
 			  enum netfs_sreq_ref_trace what);
 void netfs_put_subrequest(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq,
-			  bool was_async, enum netfs_sreq_ref_trace what);
+			  enum netfs_sreq_ref_trace what);
 ssize_t netfs_extract_user_iter(struct iov_iter *orig, size_t orig_len,
 				struct iov_iter *new,
 				iov_iter_extraction_t extraction_flags);
 size_t netfs_limit_iter(const struct iov_iter *iter, size_t start_offset,
 			size_t max_size, size_t max_segs);
 void netfs_prepare_write_failed(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq);
-void netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(void *_op, ssize_t transferred_or_error,
-				       bool was_async);
+void netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(void *_op, ssize_t transferred_or_error);
 void netfs_queue_write_request(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq);
 
 int netfs_start_io_read(struct inode *inode);
diff --git a/include/trace/events/netfs.h b/include/trace/events/netfs.h
index f880835f7695..402c5e82e7b8 100644
--- a/include/trace/events/netfs.h
+++ b/include/trace/events/netfs.h
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 	EM(netfs_write_trace_dio_write,		"DIO-WRITE")	\
 	EM(netfs_write_trace_unbuffered_write,	"UNB-WRITE")	\
 	EM(netfs_write_trace_writeback,		"WRITEBACK")	\
+	EM(netfs_write_trace_writeback_single,	"WB-SINGLE") \
 	E_(netfs_write_trace_writethrough,	"WRITETHRU")
 
 #define netfs_rreq_origins					\
@@ -128,17 +129,15 @@
 #define netfs_rreq_ref_traces					\
 	EM(netfs_rreq_trace_get_for_outstanding,"GET OUTSTND")	\
 	EM(netfs_rreq_trace_get_subreq,		"GET SUBREQ ")	\
-	EM(netfs_rreq_trace_get_work,		"GET WORK   ")	\
 	EM(netfs_rreq_trace_put_complete,	"PUT COMPLT ")	\
 	EM(netfs_rreq_trace_put_discard,	"PUT DISCARD")	\
 	EM(netfs_rreq_trace_put_failed,		"PUT FAILED ")	\
 	EM(netfs_rreq_trace_put_no_submit,	"PUT NO-SUBM")	\
 	EM(netfs_rreq_trace_put_return,		"PUT RETURN ")	\
 	EM(netfs_rreq_trace_put_subreq,		"PUT SUBREQ ")	\
-	EM(netfs_rreq_trace_put_work,		"PUT WORK   ")	\
-	EM(netfs_rreq_trace_put_work_complete,	"PUT WORK CP")	\
-	EM(netfs_rreq_trace_put_work_nq,	"PUT WORK NQ")	\
+	EM(netfs_rreq_trace_put_work_ip,	"PUT WORK IP ")	\
 	EM(netfs_rreq_trace_see_work,		"SEE WORK   ")	\
+	EM(netfs_rreq_trace_see_work_complete,	"SEE WORK CP")	\
 	E_(netfs_rreq_trace_new,		"NEW        ")
 
 #define netfs_sreq_ref_traces					\
diff --git a/net/9p/client.c b/net/9p/client.c
index 61461b9fa134..5c1ca57ccd28 100644
--- a/net/9p/client.c
+++ b/net/9p/client.c
@@ -1704,7 +1704,7 @@ p9_client_write_subreq(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq)
 				    start, len, &subreq->io_iter);
 	}
 	if (IS_ERR(req)) {
-		netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, PTR_ERR(req), false);
+		netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, PTR_ERR(req));
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -1712,7 +1712,7 @@ p9_client_write_subreq(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq)
 	if (err) {
 		trace_9p_protocol_dump(clnt, &req->rc);
 		p9_req_put(clnt, req);
-		netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, err, false);
+		netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, err);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -1724,7 +1724,7 @@ p9_client_write_subreq(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq)
 	p9_debug(P9_DEBUG_9P, "<<< RWRITE count %d\n", len);
 
 	p9_req_put(clnt, req);
-	netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, written, false);
+	netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, written);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(p9_client_write_subreq);
 
