diff mbox series

[11/17] math: Use expm1f from CORE-MATH

Message ID 20241025182614.2022697-12-adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org
State New
Headers show
Series Add more CORE-MATH on libm | expand

Commit Message

Adhemerval Zanella Netto Oct. 25, 2024, 6:21 p.m. UTC
The CORE-MATH implementation is correctly rounded (for any rounding mode)
and shows better performance compared to the generic expm1f.

The code was adapted to glibc style and to use the definition of
math_config.h (to handle errno, overflow, and underflow).

Benchtest on x64_64 (Ryzen 9 5900X, gcc 14.2.1), aarch64 (Neoverse-N1,
gcc 13.3.1), and powerpc (POWER10, gcc 13.2.1):

Latency                      master        patched   improvement
x86_64                      96.7402        36.4026        62.37%
x86_64v2                    97.5391        33.4625        65.69%
x86_64v3                    82.1778        30.8668        62.44%
i686                         120.58        94.8302        21.35%
aarch64                     32.3558        12.8881        60.17%
power10                     23.5087        9.8574         58.07%
powerpc                     23.4776        9.06325        61.40%

reciprocal-throughput        master        patched   improvement
x86_64                      27.8224        15.9255        42.76%
x86_64v2                    27.8364        9.6438         65.36%
x86_64v3                    20.3227        9.6146         52.69%
i686                        63.5629        59.4718         6.44%
aarch64                     17.4838        7.1082         59.34%
power10                     12.4644        8.7829         29.54%
powerpc                     14.2152        5.94765        58.16%

Signed-off-by: Alexei Sibidanov <sibid@uvic.ca>
Signed-off-by: Paul Zimmermann <Paul.Zimmermann@inria.fr>
Signed-off-by: Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
---
 SHARED-FILES                                  |   4 +
 sysdeps/aarch64/libm-test-ulps                |   5 +-
 sysdeps/alpha/fpu/libm-test-ulps              |   4 -
 sysdeps/arc/fpu/libm-test-ulps                |   4 -
 sysdeps/arc/nofpu/libm-test-ulps              |   1 -
 sysdeps/arm/libm-test-ulps                    |   7 +-
 sysdeps/csky/fpu/libm-test-ulps               |   4 -
 sysdeps/csky/nofpu/libm-test-ulps             |   4 -
 sysdeps/hppa/fpu/libm-test-ulps               |   4 -
 sysdeps/i386/fpu/libm-test-ulps               |   3 -
 sysdeps/i386/fpu/s_expm1f.S                   | 112 ---------
 .../i386/i686/fpu/multiarch/libm-test-ulps    |   3 -
 sysdeps/ieee754/flt-32/s_expm1f.c             | 232 +++++++++---------
 sysdeps/loongarch/lp64/libm-test-ulps         |   4 -
 sysdeps/microblaze/libm-test-ulps             |   1 -
 sysdeps/mips/mips32/libm-test-ulps            |   4 -
 sysdeps/mips/mips64/libm-test-ulps            |   4 -
 sysdeps/nios2/libm-test-ulps                  |   1 -
 sysdeps/or1k/fpu/libm-test-ulps               |   4 -
 sysdeps/or1k/nofpu/libm-test-ulps             |   4 -
 sysdeps/powerpc/fpu/libm-test-ulps            |   5 +-
 sysdeps/powerpc/nofpu/libm-test-ulps          |   4 -
 sysdeps/riscv/nofpu/libm-test-ulps            |   4 -
 sysdeps/riscv/rvd/libm-test-ulps              |   4 -
 sysdeps/s390/fpu/libm-test-ulps               |   4 -
 sysdeps/sh/libm-test-ulps                     |   2 -
 sysdeps/sparc/fpu/libm-test-ulps              |   4 -
 sysdeps/x86_64/fpu/libm-test-ulps             |   5 +-
 28 files changed, 122 insertions(+), 319 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 sysdeps/i386/fpu/s_expm1f.S
diff mbox series

Patch

diff --git a/SHARED-FILES b/SHARED-FILES
index 5e771cd1c4..a559e97318 100644
--- a/SHARED-FILES
+++ b/SHARED-FILES
@@ -239,3 +239,7 @@  sysdeps/ieee754/flt-32/s_exp2m1f.c
   (file src/binary32/exp2m1/exp2m1f.c in CORE_MATH)
   - The code was adapted to use glibc code style and internal
     functions to handle errno, overflow, and underflow.
+sysdeps/ieee754/flt-32/s_expm1f.c
+  (file src/binary32/expm1/expm1f.c in CORE_MATH)
+  - The code was adapted to use glibc code style and internal
+    functions to handle errno, overflow, and underflow.
diff --git a/sysdeps/aarch64/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/aarch64/libm-test-ulps
index 29ccd1dfe9..c6c40df9fa 100644
--- a/sysdeps/aarch64/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/aarch64/libm-test-ulps
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@  float: 1
 ldouble: 1
 
 Function: Imaginary part of "csin":
+float: 1
 ldouble: 1
 
 Function: Real part of "csin_downward":
@@ -1163,7 +1164,6 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_advsimd":
@@ -1172,7 +1172,6 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_sve":
@@ -1181,12 +1180,10 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 ldouble: 4
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 3
 
 Function: "gamma":
diff --git a/sysdeps/alpha/fpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/alpha/fpu/libm-test-ulps
index 5c6175406b..09185dd902 100644
--- a/sysdeps/alpha/fpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/alpha/fpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -1034,22 +1034,18 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 ldouble: 4
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 3
 
 Function: "gamma":
diff --git a/sysdeps/arc/fpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/arc/fpu/libm-test-ulps
index fd6d4181f8..ca01eb3b4b 100644
--- a/sysdeps/arc/fpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/arc/fpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -842,19 +842,15 @@  float: 2
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 2
-float: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 2
-float: 2
 
 Function: "gamma":
 double: 7
diff --git a/sysdeps/arc/nofpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/arc/nofpu/libm-test-ulps
index 574ae8b8be..266381f6ea 100644
--- a/sysdeps/arc/nofpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/arc/nofpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -203,7 +203,6 @@  double: 2
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "gamma":
 double: 4
diff --git a/sysdeps/arm/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/arm/libm-test-ulps
index 28718c7d2c..12451d24a7 100644
--- a/sysdeps/arm/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/arm/libm-test-ulps
@@ -574,6 +574,9 @@  Function: Real part of "csin":
 double: 1
 float: 1
 
+Function: Imaginary part of "csin":
+float: 1
+
 Function: Real part of "csin_downward":
 double: 3
 float: 3
@@ -831,19 +834,15 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "gamma":
 double: 4
diff --git a/sysdeps/csky/fpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/csky/fpu/libm-test-ulps
index 151df00638..3f17778d03 100644
--- a/sysdeps/csky/fpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/csky/fpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -799,19 +799,15 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "gamma":
 double: 4
diff --git a/sysdeps/csky/nofpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/csky/nofpu/libm-test-ulps
index 48697a7b09..fdef935578 100644
--- a/sysdeps/csky/nofpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/csky/nofpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -797,19 +797,15 @@  double: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "gamma":
 double: 4
diff --git a/sysdeps/hppa/fpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/hppa/fpu/libm-test-ulps
index 338ca77ade..05ad1cf9b3 100644
--- a/sysdeps/hppa/fpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/hppa/fpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -850,20 +850,16 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "gamma":
 double: 4
diff --git a/sysdeps/i386/fpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/i386/fpu/libm-test-ulps
index 98a5a538ff..abf9a9192b 100644
--- a/sysdeps/i386/fpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/i386/fpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -1234,19 +1234,16 @@  ldouble: 3
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 float128: 2
 ldouble: 4
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 float128: 4
 ldouble: 4
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 float128: 3
 ldouble: 4
 
diff --git a/sysdeps/i386/fpu/s_expm1f.S b/sysdeps/i386/fpu/s_expm1f.S
deleted file mode 100644
index a1cb5bf0ab..0000000000
--- a/sysdeps/i386/fpu/s_expm1f.S
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ 
-/* ix87 specific implementation of exp(x)-1.
-   Copyright (C) 1996-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
-
-   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-   Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
-   <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
-
-	/* Using: e^x - 1 = 2^(x * log2(e)) - 1 */
-
-#include <sysdep.h>
-#include <machine/asm.h>
-#include <i386-math-asm.h>
-#include <libm-alias-float.h>
-
-	.section .rodata
-
-	.align ALIGNARG(4)
-	.type minus1,@object
-minus1:	.double -1.0
-	ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(minus1)
-	.type one,@object
-one:	.double 1.0
-	ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(one)
-	.type l2e,@object
-l2e:	.quad  0xb8aa3b295c17f0bc  /* 1.442695040888963407359924681002  */
-	.short 0x3fff
-	ASM_SIZE_DIRECTIVE(l2e)
-
-DEFINE_FLT_MIN
-
-#ifdef PIC
-#define MO(op) op##@GOTOFF(%edx)
-#else
-#define MO(op) op
-#endif
-
-	.text
-ENTRY(__expm1f)
-	movzwl	4+2(%esp), %eax
-	xorb	$0x80, %ah	// invert sign bit (now 1 is "positive")
-	cmpl	$0xc2b1, %eax	// is num >= 88.5?
-	jae	HIDDEN_JUMPTARGET (__expf)
-
-	flds	4(%esp)		// x
-	fxam			// Is NaN, +-Inf or +-0?
-	xorb	$0x80, %ah
-	cmpl	$0xc190, %eax	// is num <= -18.0?
-	fstsw	%ax
-	movb	$0x45, %ch
-	jb	4f
-
-	// Below -18.0 (may be -NaN or -Inf).
-	andb	%ah, %ch
-#ifdef	PIC
-	LOAD_PIC_REG (dx)
-#endif
-	cmpb	$0x01, %ch
-	je	5f		// If -NaN, jump.
-	jmp	2f		// -large, possibly -Inf.
-
-4:	// In range -18.0 to 88.5 (may be +-0 but not NaN or +-Inf).
-	andb	%ah, %ch
-	cmpb	$0x40, %ch
-	je	3f		// If +-0, jump.
-#ifdef	PIC
-	LOAD_PIC_REG (dx)
-#endif
-
-5:	fldt	MO(l2e)		// log2(e) : x
-	fmulp			// log2(e)*x
-	fld	%st		// log2(e)*x : log2(e)*x
-	// Set round-to-nearest temporarily.
-	subl	$8, %esp
-	cfi_adjust_cfa_offset (8)
-	fstcw	4(%esp)
-	movl	$0xf3ff, %ecx
-	andl	4(%esp), %ecx
-	movl	%ecx, (%esp)
-	fldcw	(%esp)
-	frndint			// int(log2(e)*x) : log2(e)*x
-	fldcw	4(%esp)
-	addl	$8, %esp
-	cfi_adjust_cfa_offset (-8)
-	fsubr	%st, %st(1)	// int(log2(e)*x) : fract(log2(e)*x)
-	fxch			// fract(log2(e)*x) : int(log2(e)*x)
-	f2xm1			// 2^fract(log2(e)*x)-1 : int(log2(e)*x)
-	fscale			// 2^(log2(e)*x)-2^int(log2(e)*x) : int(log2(e)*x)
-	fxch			// int(log2(e)*x) : 2^(log2(e)*x)-2^int(log2(e)*x)
-	fldl	MO(one)		// 1 : int(log2(e)*x) : 2^(log2(e)*x)-2^int(log2(e)*x)
-	fscale			// 2^int(log2(e)*x) : int(log2(e)*x) : 2^(log2(e)*x)-2^int(log2(e)*x)
-	fsubrl	MO(one)		// 1-2^int(log2(e)*x) : int(log2(e)*x) : 2^(log2(e)*x)-2^int(log2(e)*x)
-	fstp	%st(1)		// 1-2^int(log2(e)*x) : 2^(log2(e)*x)-2^int(log2(e)*x)
-	fsubrp	%st, %st(1)	// 2^(log2(e)*x)
-	FLT_CHECK_FORCE_UFLOW
-	ret
-
-2:	fstp	%st
-	fldl	MO(minus1)	// Set result to -1.0.
-3:	ret
-END(__expm1f)
-libm_alias_float (__expm1, expm1)
diff --git a/sysdeps/i386/i686/fpu/multiarch/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/i386/i686/fpu/multiarch/libm-test-ulps
index 9afb63bc0f..6d9d49d153 100644
--- a/sysdeps/i386/i686/fpu/multiarch/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/i386/i686/fpu/multiarch/libm-test-ulps
@@ -1237,19 +1237,16 @@  ldouble: 3
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 float128: 2
 ldouble: 4
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 float128: 4
 ldouble: 4
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 float128: 3
 ldouble: 4
 
diff --git a/sysdeps/ieee754/flt-32/s_expm1f.c b/sysdeps/ieee754/flt-32/s_expm1f.c
index 35f7b5214a..edd7c9acf8 100644
--- a/sysdeps/ieee754/flt-32/s_expm1f.c
+++ b/sysdeps/ieee754/flt-32/s_expm1f.c
@@ -1,132 +1,124 @@ 
-/* s_expm1f.c -- float version of s_expm1.c.
- */
+/* Correctly-rounded natural exponent function biased by 1 for binary32 value.
 
-/*
- * ====================================================
- * Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
- *
- * Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
- * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
- * software is freely granted, provided that this notice
- * is preserved.
- * ====================================================
- */
+Copyright (c) 2022-2024 Alexei Sibidanov.
+
+This file is part of the CORE-MATH project
+project (file src/binary32/expm1/expm1f.c, revision bc385c2).
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+*/
 
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <float.h>
 #include <math.h>
-#include <math-barriers.h>
-#include <math_private.h>
 #include <math-underflow.h>
 #include <libm-alias-float.h>
-
-static const float huge = 1.0e+30;
-static const float tiny = 1.0e-30;
-
-static const float
-one		= 1.0,
-o_threshold	= 8.8721679688e+01,/* 0x42b17180 */
-ln2_hi		= 6.9313812256e-01,/* 0x3f317180 */
-ln2_lo		= 9.0580006145e-06,/* 0x3717f7d1 */
-invln2		= 1.4426950216e+00,/* 0x3fb8aa3b */
-	/* scaled coefficients related to expm1 */
-Q1  =  -3.3333335072e-02, /* 0xbd088889 */
-Q2  =   1.5873016091e-03, /* 0x3ad00d01 */
-Q3  =  -7.9365076090e-05, /* 0xb8a670cd */
-Q4  =   4.0082177293e-06, /* 0x36867e54 */
-Q5  =  -2.0109921195e-07; /* 0xb457edbb */
+#include "math_config.h"
 
 float
-__expm1f(float x)
+__expm1f (float x)
 {
-	float y,hi,lo,c,t,e,hxs,hfx,r1;
-	int32_t k,xsb;
-	uint32_t hx;
-
-	GET_FLOAT_WORD(hx,x);
-	xsb = hx&0x80000000;		/* sign bit of x */
-	if(xsb==0) y=x; else y= -x;	/* y = |x| */
-	hx &= 0x7fffffff;		/* high word of |x| */
-
-    /* filter out huge and non-finite argument */
-	if(hx >= 0x4195b844) {			/* if |x|>=27*ln2 */
-	    if(hx >= 0x42b17218) {		/* if |x|>=88.721... */
-		if(hx>0x7f800000)
-		    return x+x;		 /* NaN */
-		if(hx==0x7f800000)
-		    return (xsb==0)? x:-1.0;/* exp(+-inf)={inf,-1} */
-		if(x > o_threshold) {
-		  __set_errno (ERANGE);
-		  return huge*huge; /* overflow */
-		}
-	    }
-	    if(xsb!=0) { /* x < -27*ln2, return -1.0 with inexact */
-		math_force_eval(x+tiny);/* raise inexact */
-		return tiny-one;	/* return -1 */
-	    }
-	}
-
-    /* argument reduction */
-	if(hx > 0x3eb17218) {		/* if  |x| > 0.5 ln2 */
-	    if(hx < 0x3F851592) {	/* and |x| < 1.5 ln2 */
-		if(xsb==0)
-		    {hi = x - ln2_hi; lo =  ln2_lo;  k =  1;}
-		else
-		    {hi = x + ln2_hi; lo = -ln2_lo;  k = -1;}
-	    } else {
-		k  = invln2*x+((xsb==0)?(float)0.5:(float)-0.5);
-		t  = k;
-		hi = x - t*ln2_hi;	/* t*ln2_hi is exact here */
-		lo = t*ln2_lo;
-	    }
-	    x  = hi - lo;
-	    c  = (hi-x)-lo;
-	}
-	else if(hx < 0x33000000) {	/* when |x|<2**-25, return x */
-	    math_check_force_underflow (x);
-	    t = huge+x;	/* return x with inexact flags when x!=0 */
-	    return x - (t-(huge+x));
+  static const double c[] =
+    {
+      1, 0x1.62e42fef4c4e7p-6, 0x1.ebfd1b232f475p-13, 0x1.c6b19384ecd93p-20
+    };
+  static const double ch[] =
+    {
+      0x1.62e42fefa39efp-6,  0x1.ebfbdff82c58fp-13, 0x1.c6b08d702e0edp-20,
+      0x1.3b2ab6fb92e5ep-27, 0x1.5d886e6d54203p-35, 0x1.430976b8ce6efp-43
+    };
+  static const double td[] =
+    {
+      0x1p+0,               0x1.059b0d3158574p+0, 0x1.0b5586cf9890fp+0,
+      0x1.11301d0125b51p+0, 0x1.172b83c7d517bp+0, 0x1.1d4873168b9aap+0,
+      0x1.2387a6e756238p+0, 0x1.29e9df51fdee1p+0, 0x1.306fe0a31b715p+0,
+      0x1.371a7373aa9cbp+0, 0x1.3dea64c123422p+0, 0x1.44e086061892dp+0,
+      0x1.4bfdad5362a27p+0, 0x1.5342b569d4f82p+0, 0x1.5ab07dd485429p+0,
+      0x1.6247eb03a5585p+0, 0x1.6a09e667f3bcdp+0, 0x1.71f75e8ec5f74p+0,
+      0x1.7a11473eb0187p+0, 0x1.82589994cce13p+0, 0x1.8ace5422aa0dbp+0,
+      0x1.93737b0cdc5e5p+0, 0x1.9c49182a3f09p+0,  0x1.a5503b23e255dp+0,
+      0x1.ae89f995ad3adp+0, 0x1.b7f76f2fb5e47p+0, 0x1.c199bdd85529cp+0,
+      0x1.cb720dcef9069p+0, 0x1.d5818dcfba487p+0, 0x1.dfc97337b9b5fp+0,
+      0x1.ea4afa2a490dap+0, 0x1.f50765b6e454p+0
+    };
+  const double iln2 = 0x1.71547652b82fep+5;
+  const double big = 0x1.8p52;
+  double z = x;
+  uint32_t ux = asuint (x);
+  uint32_t ax = ux << 1;
+  if (__glibc_likely (ax < 0x7c400000u))
+    { /* |x| < 0.15625  */
+      if (__glibc_unlikely (ax < 0x676a09e8u))
+	{ /* |x| < 0x1.6a09e8p-24 */
+	  if (__glibc_unlikely (ax == 0x0u))
+	    return x; /* x = +-0 */
+	  return fmaf (fabsf (x), 0x1p-25f, x);
 	}
-	else k = 0;
-
-    /* x is now in primary range */
-	hfx = (float)0.5*x;
-	hxs = x*hfx;
-	r1 = one+hxs*(Q1+hxs*(Q2+hxs*(Q3+hxs*(Q4+hxs*Q5))));
-	t  = (float)3.0-r1*hfx;
-	e  = hxs*((r1-t)/((float)6.0 - x*t));
-	if(k==0) return x - (x*e-hxs);		/* c is 0 */
-	else {
-	    e  = (x*(e-c)-c);
-	    e -= hxs;
-	    if(k== -1) return (float)0.5*(x-e)-(float)0.5;
-	    if(k==1) {
-		if(x < (float)-0.25) return -(float)2.0*(e-(x+(float)0.5));
-		else	      return  one+(float)2.0*(x-e);
-	    }
-	    if (k <= -2 || k>56) {   /* suffice to return exp(x)-1 */
-		int32_t i;
-		y = one-(e-x);
-		GET_FLOAT_WORD(i,y);
-		SET_FLOAT_WORD(y,i+(k<<23));	/* add k to y's exponent */
-		return y-one;
-	    }
-	    t = one;
-	    if(k<23) {
-		int32_t i;
-		SET_FLOAT_WORD(t,0x3f800000 - (0x1000000>>k)); /* t=1-2^-k */
-		y = t-(e-x);
-		GET_FLOAT_WORD(i,y);
-		SET_FLOAT_WORD(y,i+(k<<23));	/* add k to y's exponent */
-	   } else {
-		int32_t i;
-		SET_FLOAT_WORD(t,((0x7f-k)<<23));	/* 2^-k */
-		y = x-(e+t);
-		y += one;
-		GET_FLOAT_WORD(i,y);
-		SET_FLOAT_WORD(y,i+(k<<23));	/* add k to y's exponent */
-	    }
+      static const double b[] =
+	{
+	  0x1.fffffffffffc2p-2,  0x1.55555555555fep-3,  0x1.555555559767fp-5,
+	  0x1.1111111098dc1p-7,  0x1.6c16bca988aa9p-10, 0x1.a01a07658483fp-13,
+	  0x1.a05b04d2c3503p-16, 0x1.71de3a960b5e3p-19
+	};
+      double z2 = z * z, z4 = z2 * z2;
+      double r = z + z2
+	* ((b[0] + z * b[1]) + z2 * (b[2] + z * b[3])
+	   + z4 * ((b[4] + z * b[5]) + z2 * (b[6] + z * b[7])));
+      return r;
+    }
+  if (__glibc_unlikely (ax >= 0x8562e430u))
+    { /* |x| > 88.72 */
+      if (ax > (0xffu << 24))
+	return x + x; /* nan */
+      if (__glibc_unlikely (ux >> 31))
+	{ /* x < 0 */
+	  if (ax == (0xffu << 24))
+	    return -1.0f;
+	  return -1.0f + 0x1p-26f;
 	}
-	return y;
+      if (ax == (0xffu << 24))
+	return INFINITY;
+      return __math_oflowf (0);
+    }
+  double a = iln2 * z;
+  double ia = roundeven (a);
+  double h = a - ia;
+  double h2 = h * h;
+  uint64_t u = asuint64 (ia + big);
+  double c2 = c[2] + h * c[3], c0 = c[0] + h * c[1];
+  const uint64_t *tdl = (uint64_t *) ((void *) td);
+  double sv = asdouble (tdl[u & 0x1f] + ((u >> 5) << 52));
+  double r = (c0 + h2 * c2) * sv - 1.0;
+  float ub = r, lb = r - sv * 0x1.3b3p-33;
+  if (__glibc_unlikely (ub != lb))
+    {
+      if (__glibc_unlikely (ux > 0xc18aa123u)) /* x < -17.32 */
+	return -1.0f + 0x1p-26f;
+      const double iln2h = 0x1.7154765p+5;
+      const double iln2l = 0x1.5c17f0bbbe88p-26;
+      double s = sv;
+      h = (iln2h * z - ia) + iln2l * z;
+      h2 = h * h;
+      double w = s * h;
+      r = (s - 1) + w
+	* ((ch[0] + h * ch[1])
+	   + h2 * ((ch[2] + h * ch[3]) + h2 * (ch[4] + h * ch[5])));
+      ub = r;
+    }
+  return ub;
 }
 libm_alias_float (__expm1, expm1)
diff --git a/sysdeps/loongarch/lp64/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/loongarch/lp64/libm-test-ulps
index c6fc9fd4ed..5d407a49fe 100644
--- a/sysdeps/loongarch/lp64/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/loongarch/lp64/libm-test-ulps
@@ -1038,22 +1038,18 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 ldouble: 4
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 3
 
 Function: "gamma":
diff --git a/sysdeps/microblaze/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/microblaze/libm-test-ulps
index 98ea940ccc..a84494b8f8 100644
--- a/sysdeps/microblaze/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/microblaze/libm-test-ulps
@@ -191,7 +191,6 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "gamma":
 double: 4
diff --git a/sysdeps/mips/mips32/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/mips/mips32/libm-test-ulps
index d8daca6326..f9d7bf8598 100644
--- a/sysdeps/mips/mips32/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/mips/mips32/libm-test-ulps
@@ -831,19 +831,15 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "gamma":
 double: 4
diff --git a/sysdeps/mips/mips64/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/mips/mips64/libm-test-ulps
index 39e94d5480..4f3c82d64c 100644
--- a/sysdeps/mips/mips64/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/mips/mips64/libm-test-ulps
@@ -1042,22 +1042,18 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 ldouble: 4
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 3
 
 Function: "gamma":
diff --git a/sysdeps/nios2/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/nios2/libm-test-ulps
index df6e932cb6..33f714e713 100644
--- a/sysdeps/nios2/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/nios2/libm-test-ulps
@@ -197,7 +197,6 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "gamma":
 double: 4
diff --git a/sysdeps/or1k/fpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/or1k/fpu/libm-test-ulps
index 4ccb136298..9ced4b0052 100644
--- a/sysdeps/or1k/fpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/or1k/fpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -804,19 +804,15 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "gamma":
 double: 4
diff --git a/sysdeps/or1k/nofpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/or1k/nofpu/libm-test-ulps
index 7087cf9add..6862551b79 100644
--- a/sysdeps/or1k/nofpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/or1k/nofpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -802,19 +802,15 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "gamma":
 double: 4
diff --git a/sysdeps/powerpc/fpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/powerpc/fpu/libm-test-ulps
index dd25aaf94a..ddbd184e58 100644
--- a/sysdeps/powerpc/fpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/powerpc/fpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -870,6 +870,7 @@  float128: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: Imaginary part of "csin":
+float: 1
 float128: 1
 ldouble: 1
 
@@ -1262,25 +1263,21 @@  ldouble: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 float128: 2
 ldouble: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 float128: 2
 ldouble: 7
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 float128: 4
 ldouble: 6
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 float128: 3
 ldouble: 6
 
diff --git a/sysdeps/powerpc/nofpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/powerpc/nofpu/libm-test-ulps
index 1e5bae039b..c79dfcc2cc 100644
--- a/sysdeps/powerpc/nofpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/powerpc/nofpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -1054,22 +1054,18 @@  ldouble: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 5
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 ldouble: 5
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 6
 
 Function: "fma":
diff --git a/sysdeps/riscv/nofpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/riscv/nofpu/libm-test-ulps
index 11f891988e..4caf84f316 100644
--- a/sysdeps/riscv/nofpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/riscv/nofpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -1011,22 +1011,18 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 ldouble: 4
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 3
 
 Function: "gamma":
diff --git a/sysdeps/riscv/rvd/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/riscv/rvd/libm-test-ulps
index 7d303fcb6b..e9c4b72c04 100644
--- a/sysdeps/riscv/rvd/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/riscv/rvd/libm-test-ulps
@@ -1038,22 +1038,18 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 ldouble: 4
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 3
 
 Function: "gamma":
diff --git a/sysdeps/s390/fpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/s390/fpu/libm-test-ulps
index aa7a94a2be..a42c9f273a 100644
--- a/sysdeps/s390/fpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/s390/fpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -1039,22 +1039,18 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 ldouble: 4
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 3
 
 Function: "gamma":
diff --git a/sysdeps/sh/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/sh/libm-test-ulps
index 36f21ed395..fc4556e977 100644
--- a/sysdeps/sh/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/sh/libm-test-ulps
@@ -394,11 +394,9 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 
 Function: "fma_towardzero":
 double: 1
diff --git a/sysdeps/sparc/fpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/sparc/fpu/libm-test-ulps
index e7b3da6f1c..3bee496247 100644
--- a/sysdeps/sparc/fpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/sparc/fpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -1042,22 +1042,18 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 2
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 ldouble: 4
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 ldouble: 3
 
 Function: "gamma":
diff --git a/sysdeps/x86_64/fpu/libm-test-ulps b/sysdeps/x86_64/fpu/libm-test-ulps
index 71697e99e0..ffb1d4f3c9 100644
--- a/sysdeps/x86_64/fpu/libm-test-ulps
+++ b/sysdeps/x86_64/fpu/libm-test-ulps
@@ -1062,6 +1062,7 @@  float128: 1
 ldouble: 1
 
 Function: Imaginary part of "csin":
+float: 1
 float128: 1
 
 Function: Real part of "csin_downward":
@@ -1550,25 +1551,21 @@  float: 1
 
 Function: "expm1":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 float128: 2
 ldouble: 3
 
 Function: "expm1_downward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 float128: 2
 ldouble: 4
 
 Function: "expm1_towardzero":
 double: 1
-float: 2
 float128: 4
 ldouble: 4
 
 Function: "expm1_upward":
 double: 1
-float: 1
 float128: 3
 ldouble: 4