diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h
index 04de48c..db10486 100644
--- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h
+++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.h
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ void sev_prep_identity_maps(unsigned long top_level_pgt);
 enum es_result vc_decode_insn(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt);
 bool insn_has_rep_prefix(struct insn *insn);
 void sev_insn_decode_init(void);
+bool early_setup_ghcb(void);
 #else
 static inline void sev_enable(struct boot_params *bp)
 {
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/sev-handle-vc.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/sev-handle-vc.c
index b1aa073..89dd02d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/sev-handle-vc.c
+++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/sev-handle-vc.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 #include "misc.h"
+#include "sev.h"
 
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
@@ -8,6 +9,9 @@
 #include <asm/pgtable_types.h>
 #include <asm/ptrace.h>
 #include <asm/sev.h>
+#include <asm/trapnr.h>
+#include <asm/trap_pf.h>
+#include <asm/fpu/xcr.h>
 
 #define __BOOT_COMPRESSED
 
@@ -49,3 +53,82 @@ enum es_result vc_decode_insn(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
 }
 
 extern void sev_insn_decode_init(void) __alias(inat_init_tables);
+
+/*
+ * Only a dummy for insn_get_seg_base() - Early boot-code is 64bit only and
+ * doesn't use segments.
+ */
+static unsigned long insn_get_seg_base(struct pt_regs *regs, int seg_reg_idx)
+{
+	return 0UL;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_write_mem(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+				   void *dst, char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	memcpy(dst, buf, size);
+
+	return ES_OK;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_read_mem(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+				  void *src, char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	memcpy(buf, src, size);
+
+	return ES_OK;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_ioio_check(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt, u16 port, size_t size)
+{
+	return ES_OK;
+}
+
+static bool fault_in_kernel_space(unsigned long address)
+{
+	return false;
+}
+
+#define sev_printk(fmt, ...)
+
+#include "../../coco/sev/vc-shared.c"
+
+void do_boot_stage2_vc(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long exit_code)
+{
+	struct es_em_ctxt ctxt;
+	enum es_result result;
+
+	if (!boot_ghcb && !early_setup_ghcb())
+		sev_es_terminate(SEV_TERM_SET_GEN, GHCB_SEV_ES_GEN_REQ);
+
+	vc_ghcb_invalidate(boot_ghcb);
+	result = vc_init_em_ctxt(&ctxt, regs, exit_code);
+	if (result != ES_OK)
+		goto finish;
+
+	result = vc_check_opcode_bytes(&ctxt, exit_code);
+	if (result != ES_OK)
+		goto finish;
+
+	switch (exit_code) {
+	case SVM_EXIT_RDTSC:
+	case SVM_EXIT_RDTSCP:
+		result = vc_handle_rdtsc(boot_ghcb, &ctxt, exit_code);
+		break;
+	case SVM_EXIT_IOIO:
+		result = vc_handle_ioio(boot_ghcb, &ctxt);
+		break;
+	case SVM_EXIT_CPUID:
+		result = vc_handle_cpuid(boot_ghcb, &ctxt);
+		break;
+	default:
+		result = ES_UNSUPPORTED;
+		break;
+	}
+
+finish:
+	if (result == ES_OK)
+		vc_finish_insn(&ctxt);
+	else if (result != ES_RETRY)
+		sev_es_terminate(SEV_TERM_SET_GEN, GHCB_SEV_ES_GEN_REQ);
+}
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/sev.c b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/sev.c
index 6fe7e85..612b443 100644
--- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/sev.c
+++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/sev.c
@@ -24,63 +24,11 @@
 #include <asm/cpuid.h>
 
 #include "error.h"
-#include "../msr.h"
+#include "sev.h"
 
 static struct ghcb boot_ghcb_page __aligned(PAGE_SIZE);
 struct ghcb *boot_ghcb;
 
-/*
- * Only a dummy for insn_get_seg_base() - Early boot-code is 64bit only and
- * doesn't use segments.
- */
-static unsigned long insn_get_seg_base(struct pt_regs *regs, int seg_reg_idx)
-{
-	return 0UL;
-}
-
-static inline u64 sev_es_rd_ghcb_msr(void)
-{
-	struct msr m;
-
-	boot_rdmsr(MSR_AMD64_SEV_ES_GHCB, &m);
-
-	return m.q;
-}
-
-static inline void sev_es_wr_ghcb_msr(u64 val)
-{
-	struct msr m;
-
-	m.q = val;
-	boot_wrmsr(MSR_AMD64_SEV_ES_GHCB, &m);
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_write_mem(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-				   void *dst, char *buf, size_t size)
-{
-	memcpy(dst, buf, size);
-
-	return ES_OK;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_read_mem(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-				  void *src, char *buf, size_t size)
-{
-	memcpy(buf, src, size);
-
-	return ES_OK;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_ioio_check(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt, u16 port, size_t size)
-{
-	return ES_OK;
-}
-
-static bool fault_in_kernel_space(unsigned long address)
-{
-	return false;
-}
-
 #undef __init
 #define __init
 
@@ -182,7 +130,7 @@ void snp_set_page_shared(unsigned long paddr)
 	__page_state_change(paddr, SNP_PAGE_STATE_SHARED);
 }
 
-static bool early_setup_ghcb(void)
+bool early_setup_ghcb(void)
 {
 	if (set_page_decrypted((unsigned long)&boot_ghcb_page))
 		return false;
@@ -266,46 +214,6 @@ bool sev_es_check_ghcb_fault(unsigned long address)
 	return ((address & PAGE_MASK) == (unsigned long)&boot_ghcb_page);
 }
 
-void do_boot_stage2_vc(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long exit_code)
-{
-	struct es_em_ctxt ctxt;
-	enum es_result result;
-
-	if (!boot_ghcb && !early_setup_ghcb())
-		sev_es_terminate(SEV_TERM_SET_GEN, GHCB_SEV_ES_GEN_REQ);
-
-	vc_ghcb_invalidate(boot_ghcb);
-	result = vc_init_em_ctxt(&ctxt, regs, exit_code);
-	if (result != ES_OK)
-		goto finish;
-
-	result = vc_check_opcode_bytes(&ctxt, exit_code);
-	if (result != ES_OK)
-		goto finish;
-
-	switch (exit_code) {
-	case SVM_EXIT_RDTSC:
-	case SVM_EXIT_RDTSCP:
-		result = vc_handle_rdtsc(boot_ghcb, &ctxt, exit_code);
-		break;
-	case SVM_EXIT_IOIO:
-		result = vc_handle_ioio(boot_ghcb, &ctxt);
-		break;
-	case SVM_EXIT_CPUID:
-		result = vc_handle_cpuid(boot_ghcb, &ctxt);
-		break;
-	default:
-		result = ES_UNSUPPORTED;
-		break;
-	}
-
-finish:
-	if (result == ES_OK)
-		vc_finish_insn(&ctxt);
-	else if (result != ES_RETRY)
-		sev_es_terminate(SEV_TERM_SET_GEN, GHCB_SEV_ES_GEN_REQ);
-}
-
 /*
  * SNP_FEATURES_IMPL_REQ is the mask of SNP features that will need
  * guest side implementation for proper functioning of the guest. If any
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/sev.h b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/sev.h
index e87af54..92f79c2 100644
--- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/sev.h
+++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/sev.h
@@ -10,10 +10,29 @@
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
 
+#include "../msr.h"
+
 void snp_accept_memory(phys_addr_t start, phys_addr_t end);
 u64 sev_get_status(void);
 bool early_is_sevsnp_guest(void);
 
+static inline u64 sev_es_rd_ghcb_msr(void)
+{
+	struct msr m;
+
+	boot_rdmsr(MSR_AMD64_SEV_ES_GHCB, &m);
+
+	return m.q;
+}
+
+static inline void sev_es_wr_ghcb_msr(u64 val)
+{
+	struct msr m;
+
+	m.q = val;
+	boot_wrmsr(MSR_AMD64_SEV_ES_GHCB, &m);
+}
+
 #else
 
 static inline void snp_accept_memory(phys_addr_t start, phys_addr_t end) { }
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/startup/sev-shared.c b/arch/x86/boot/startup/sev-shared.c
index 173f3d1..7a706db 100644
--- a/arch/x86/boot/startup/sev-shared.c
+++ b/arch/x86/boot/startup/sev-shared.c
@@ -14,13 +14,9 @@
 #ifndef __BOOT_COMPRESSED
 #define error(v)			pr_err(v)
 #define has_cpuflag(f)			boot_cpu_has(f)
-#define sev_printk(fmt, ...)		printk(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define sev_printk_rtl(fmt, ...)	printk_ratelimited(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 #else
 #undef WARN
 #define WARN(condition, format...) (!!(condition))
-#define sev_printk(fmt, ...)
-#define sev_printk_rtl(fmt, ...)
 #undef vc_forward_exception
 #define vc_forward_exception(c)		panic("SNP: Hypervisor requested exception\n")
 #endif
@@ -36,16 +32,6 @@
 struct svsm_ca *boot_svsm_caa __ro_after_init;
 u64 boot_svsm_caa_pa __ro_after_init;
 
-/* I/O parameters for CPUID-related helpers */
-struct cpuid_leaf {
-	u32 fn;
-	u32 subfn;
-	u32 eax;
-	u32 ebx;
-	u32 ecx;
-	u32 edx;
-};
-
 /*
  * Since feature negotiation related variables are set early in the boot
  * process they must reside in the .data section so as not to be zeroed
@@ -151,33 +137,6 @@ bool sev_es_negotiate_protocol(void)
 	return true;
 }
 
-static bool vc_decoding_needed(unsigned long exit_code)
-{
-	/* Exceptions don't require to decode the instruction */
-	return !(exit_code >= SVM_EXIT_EXCP_BASE &&
-		 exit_code <= SVM_EXIT_LAST_EXCP);
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_init_em_ctxt(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-				      struct pt_regs *regs,
-				      unsigned long exit_code)
-{
-	enum es_result ret = ES_OK;
-
-	memset(ctxt, 0, sizeof(*ctxt));
-	ctxt->regs = regs;
-
-	if (vc_decoding_needed(exit_code))
-		ret = vc_decode_insn(ctxt);
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static void vc_finish_insn(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	ctxt->regs->ip += ctxt->insn.length;
-}
-
 static enum es_result verify_exception_info(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
 {
 	u32 ret;
@@ -627,7 +586,7 @@ snp_cpuid_postprocess(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
  * Returns -EOPNOTSUPP if feature not enabled. Any other non-zero return value
  * should be treated as fatal by caller.
  */
-static int __head
+int __head
 snp_cpuid(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt, struct cpuid_leaf *leaf)
 {
 	const struct snp_cpuid_table *cpuid_table = snp_cpuid_get_table();
@@ -737,391 +696,6 @@ fail:
 	sev_es_terminate(SEV_TERM_SET_GEN, GHCB_SEV_ES_GEN_REQ);
 }
 
-static enum es_result vc_insn_string_check(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-					   unsigned long address,
-					   bool write)
-{
-	if (user_mode(ctxt->regs) && fault_in_kernel_space(address)) {
-		ctxt->fi.vector     = X86_TRAP_PF;
-		ctxt->fi.error_code = X86_PF_USER;
-		ctxt->fi.cr2        = address;
-		if (write)
-			ctxt->fi.error_code |= X86_PF_WRITE;
-
-		return ES_EXCEPTION;
-	}
-
-	return ES_OK;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_insn_string_read(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-					  void *src, char *buf,
-					  unsigned int data_size,
-					  unsigned int count,
-					  bool backwards)
-{
-	int i, b = backwards ? -1 : 1;
-	unsigned long address = (unsigned long)src;
-	enum es_result ret;
-
-	ret = vc_insn_string_check(ctxt, address, false);
-	if (ret != ES_OK)
-		return ret;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-		void *s = src + (i * data_size * b);
-		char *d = buf + (i * data_size);
-
-		ret = vc_read_mem(ctxt, s, d, data_size);
-		if (ret != ES_OK)
-			break;
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_insn_string_write(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-					   void *dst, char *buf,
-					   unsigned int data_size,
-					   unsigned int count,
-					   bool backwards)
-{
-	int i, s = backwards ? -1 : 1;
-	unsigned long address = (unsigned long)dst;
-	enum es_result ret;
-
-	ret = vc_insn_string_check(ctxt, address, true);
-	if (ret != ES_OK)
-		return ret;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-		void *d = dst + (i * data_size * s);
-		char *b = buf + (i * data_size);
-
-		ret = vc_write_mem(ctxt, d, b, data_size);
-		if (ret != ES_OK)
-			break;
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-#define IOIO_TYPE_STR  BIT(2)
-#define IOIO_TYPE_IN   1
-#define IOIO_TYPE_INS  (IOIO_TYPE_IN | IOIO_TYPE_STR)
-#define IOIO_TYPE_OUT  0
-#define IOIO_TYPE_OUTS (IOIO_TYPE_OUT | IOIO_TYPE_STR)
-
-#define IOIO_REP       BIT(3)
-
-#define IOIO_ADDR_64   BIT(9)
-#define IOIO_ADDR_32   BIT(8)
-#define IOIO_ADDR_16   BIT(7)
-
-#define IOIO_DATA_32   BIT(6)
-#define IOIO_DATA_16   BIT(5)
-#define IOIO_DATA_8    BIT(4)
-
-#define IOIO_SEG_ES    (0 << 10)
-#define IOIO_SEG_DS    (3 << 10)
-
-static enum es_result vc_ioio_exitinfo(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt, u64 *exitinfo)
-{
-	struct insn *insn = &ctxt->insn;
-	size_t size;
-	u64 port;
-
-	*exitinfo = 0;
-
-	switch (insn->opcode.bytes[0]) {
-	/* INS opcodes */
-	case 0x6c:
-	case 0x6d:
-		*exitinfo |= IOIO_TYPE_INS;
-		*exitinfo |= IOIO_SEG_ES;
-		port	   = ctxt->regs->dx & 0xffff;
-		break;
-
-	/* OUTS opcodes */
-	case 0x6e:
-	case 0x6f:
-		*exitinfo |= IOIO_TYPE_OUTS;
-		*exitinfo |= IOIO_SEG_DS;
-		port	   = ctxt->regs->dx & 0xffff;
-		break;
-
-	/* IN immediate opcodes */
-	case 0xe4:
-	case 0xe5:
-		*exitinfo |= IOIO_TYPE_IN;
-		port	   = (u8)insn->immediate.value & 0xffff;
-		break;
-
-	/* OUT immediate opcodes */
-	case 0xe6:
-	case 0xe7:
-		*exitinfo |= IOIO_TYPE_OUT;
-		port	   = (u8)insn->immediate.value & 0xffff;
-		break;
-
-	/* IN register opcodes */
-	case 0xec:
-	case 0xed:
-		*exitinfo |= IOIO_TYPE_IN;
-		port	   = ctxt->regs->dx & 0xffff;
-		break;
-
-	/* OUT register opcodes */
-	case 0xee:
-	case 0xef:
-		*exitinfo |= IOIO_TYPE_OUT;
-		port	   = ctxt->regs->dx & 0xffff;
-		break;
-
-	default:
-		return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
-	}
-
-	*exitinfo |= port << 16;
-
-	switch (insn->opcode.bytes[0]) {
-	case 0x6c:
-	case 0x6e:
-	case 0xe4:
-	case 0xe6:
-	case 0xec:
-	case 0xee:
-		/* Single byte opcodes */
-		*exitinfo |= IOIO_DATA_8;
-		size       = 1;
-		break;
-	default:
-		/* Length determined by instruction parsing */
-		*exitinfo |= (insn->opnd_bytes == 2) ? IOIO_DATA_16
-						     : IOIO_DATA_32;
-		size       = (insn->opnd_bytes == 2) ? 2 : 4;
-	}
-
-	switch (insn->addr_bytes) {
-	case 2:
-		*exitinfo |= IOIO_ADDR_16;
-		break;
-	case 4:
-		*exitinfo |= IOIO_ADDR_32;
-		break;
-	case 8:
-		*exitinfo |= IOIO_ADDR_64;
-		break;
-	}
-
-	if (insn_has_rep_prefix(insn))
-		*exitinfo |= IOIO_REP;
-
-	return vc_ioio_check(ctxt, (u16)port, size);
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_handle_ioio(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	struct pt_regs *regs = ctxt->regs;
-	u64 exit_info_1, exit_info_2;
-	enum es_result ret;
-
-	ret = vc_ioio_exitinfo(ctxt, &exit_info_1);
-	if (ret != ES_OK)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (exit_info_1 & IOIO_TYPE_STR) {
-
-		/* (REP) INS/OUTS */
-
-		bool df = ((regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_DF) == X86_EFLAGS_DF);
-		unsigned int io_bytes, exit_bytes;
-		unsigned int ghcb_count, op_count;
-		unsigned long es_base;
-		u64 sw_scratch;
-
-		/*
-		 * For the string variants with rep prefix the amount of in/out
-		 * operations per #VC exception is limited so that the kernel
-		 * has a chance to take interrupts and re-schedule while the
-		 * instruction is emulated.
-		 */
-		io_bytes   = (exit_info_1 >> 4) & 0x7;
-		ghcb_count = sizeof(ghcb->shared_buffer) / io_bytes;
-
-		op_count    = (exit_info_1 & IOIO_REP) ? regs->cx : 1;
-		exit_info_2 = min(op_count, ghcb_count);
-		exit_bytes  = exit_info_2 * io_bytes;
-
-		es_base = insn_get_seg_base(ctxt->regs, INAT_SEG_REG_ES);
-
-		/* Read bytes of OUTS into the shared buffer */
-		if (!(exit_info_1 & IOIO_TYPE_IN)) {
-			ret = vc_insn_string_read(ctxt,
-					       (void *)(es_base + regs->si),
-					       ghcb->shared_buffer, io_bytes,
-					       exit_info_2, df);
-			if (ret)
-				return ret;
-		}
-
-		/*
-		 * Issue an VMGEXIT to the HV to consume the bytes from the
-		 * shared buffer or to have it write them into the shared buffer
-		 * depending on the instruction: OUTS or INS.
-		 */
-		sw_scratch = __pa(ghcb) + offsetof(struct ghcb, shared_buffer);
-		ghcb_set_sw_scratch(ghcb, sw_scratch);
-		ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_IOIO,
-					  exit_info_1, exit_info_2);
-		if (ret != ES_OK)
-			return ret;
-
-		/* Read bytes from shared buffer into the guest's destination. */
-		if (exit_info_1 & IOIO_TYPE_IN) {
-			ret = vc_insn_string_write(ctxt,
-						   (void *)(es_base + regs->di),
-						   ghcb->shared_buffer, io_bytes,
-						   exit_info_2, df);
-			if (ret)
-				return ret;
-
-			if (df)
-				regs->di -= exit_bytes;
-			else
-				regs->di += exit_bytes;
-		} else {
-			if (df)
-				regs->si -= exit_bytes;
-			else
-				regs->si += exit_bytes;
-		}
-
-		if (exit_info_1 & IOIO_REP)
-			regs->cx -= exit_info_2;
-
-		ret = regs->cx ? ES_RETRY : ES_OK;
-
-	} else {
-
-		/* IN/OUT into/from rAX */
-
-		int bits = (exit_info_1 & 0x70) >> 1;
-		u64 rax = 0;
-
-		if (!(exit_info_1 & IOIO_TYPE_IN))
-			rax = lower_bits(regs->ax, bits);
-
-		ghcb_set_rax(ghcb, rax);
-
-		ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_IOIO, exit_info_1, 0);
-		if (ret != ES_OK)
-			return ret;
-
-		if (exit_info_1 & IOIO_TYPE_IN) {
-			if (!ghcb_rax_is_valid(ghcb))
-				return ES_VMM_ERROR;
-			regs->ax = lower_bits(ghcb->save.rax, bits);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static int vc_handle_cpuid_snp(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	struct pt_regs *regs = ctxt->regs;
-	struct cpuid_leaf leaf;
-	int ret;
-
-	leaf.fn = regs->ax;
-	leaf.subfn = regs->cx;
-	ret = snp_cpuid(ghcb, ctxt, &leaf);
-	if (!ret) {
-		regs->ax = leaf.eax;
-		regs->bx = leaf.ebx;
-		regs->cx = leaf.ecx;
-		regs->dx = leaf.edx;
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_handle_cpuid(struct ghcb *ghcb,
-				      struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	struct pt_regs *regs = ctxt->regs;
-	u32 cr4 = native_read_cr4();
-	enum es_result ret;
-	int snp_cpuid_ret;
-
-	snp_cpuid_ret = vc_handle_cpuid_snp(ghcb, ctxt);
-	if (!snp_cpuid_ret)
-		return ES_OK;
-	if (snp_cpuid_ret != -EOPNOTSUPP)
-		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
-
-	ghcb_set_rax(ghcb, regs->ax);
-	ghcb_set_rcx(ghcb, regs->cx);
-
-	if (cr4 & X86_CR4_OSXSAVE)
-		/* Safe to read xcr0 */
-		ghcb_set_xcr0(ghcb, xgetbv(XCR_XFEATURE_ENABLED_MASK));
-	else
-		/* xgetbv will cause #GP - use reset value for xcr0 */
-		ghcb_set_xcr0(ghcb, 1);
-
-	ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_CPUID, 0, 0);
-	if (ret != ES_OK)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (!(ghcb_rax_is_valid(ghcb) &&
-	      ghcb_rbx_is_valid(ghcb) &&
-	      ghcb_rcx_is_valid(ghcb) &&
-	      ghcb_rdx_is_valid(ghcb)))
-		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
-
-	regs->ax = ghcb->save.rax;
-	regs->bx = ghcb->save.rbx;
-	regs->cx = ghcb->save.rcx;
-	regs->dx = ghcb->save.rdx;
-
-	return ES_OK;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_handle_rdtsc(struct ghcb *ghcb,
-				      struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-				      unsigned long exit_code)
-{
-	bool rdtscp = (exit_code == SVM_EXIT_RDTSCP);
-	enum es_result ret;
-
-	/*
-	 * The hypervisor should not be intercepting RDTSC/RDTSCP when Secure
-	 * TSC is enabled. A #VC exception will be generated if the RDTSC/RDTSCP
-	 * instructions are being intercepted. If this should occur and Secure
-	 * TSC is enabled, guest execution should be terminated as the guest
-	 * cannot rely on the TSC value provided by the hypervisor.
-	 */
-	if (sev_status & MSR_AMD64_SNP_SECURE_TSC)
-		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
-
-	ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, exit_code, 0, 0);
-	if (ret != ES_OK)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (!(ghcb_rax_is_valid(ghcb) && ghcb_rdx_is_valid(ghcb) &&
-	     (!rdtscp || ghcb_rcx_is_valid(ghcb))))
-		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
-
-	ctxt->regs->ax = ghcb->save.rax;
-	ctxt->regs->dx = ghcb->save.rdx;
-	if (rdtscp)
-		ctxt->regs->cx = ghcb->save.rcx;
-
-	return ES_OK;
-}
-
 struct cc_setup_data {
 	struct setup_data header;
 	u32 cc_blob_address;
@@ -1238,97 +812,6 @@ static void __head pvalidate_4k_page(unsigned long vaddr, unsigned long paddr,
 	}
 }
 
-static enum es_result vc_check_opcode_bytes(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-					    unsigned long exit_code)
-{
-	unsigned int opcode = (unsigned int)ctxt->insn.opcode.value;
-	u8 modrm = ctxt->insn.modrm.value;
-
-	switch (exit_code) {
-
-	case SVM_EXIT_IOIO:
-	case SVM_EXIT_NPF:
-		/* handled separately */
-		return ES_OK;
-
-	case SVM_EXIT_CPUID:
-		if (opcode == 0xa20f)
-			return ES_OK;
-		break;
-
-	case SVM_EXIT_INVD:
-		if (opcode == 0x080f)
-			return ES_OK;
-		break;
-
-	case SVM_EXIT_MONITOR:
-		/* MONITOR and MONITORX instructions generate the same error code */
-		if (opcode == 0x010f && (modrm == 0xc8 || modrm == 0xfa))
-			return ES_OK;
-		break;
-
-	case SVM_EXIT_MWAIT:
-		/* MWAIT and MWAITX instructions generate the same error code */
-		if (opcode == 0x010f && (modrm == 0xc9 || modrm == 0xfb))
-			return ES_OK;
-		break;
-
-	case SVM_EXIT_MSR:
-		/* RDMSR */
-		if (opcode == 0x320f ||
-		/* WRMSR */
-		    opcode == 0x300f)
-			return ES_OK;
-		break;
-
-	case SVM_EXIT_RDPMC:
-		if (opcode == 0x330f)
-			return ES_OK;
-		break;
-
-	case SVM_EXIT_RDTSC:
-		if (opcode == 0x310f)
-			return ES_OK;
-		break;
-
-	case SVM_EXIT_RDTSCP:
-		if (opcode == 0x010f && modrm == 0xf9)
-			return ES_OK;
-		break;
-
-	case SVM_EXIT_READ_DR7:
-		if (opcode == 0x210f &&
-		    X86_MODRM_REG(ctxt->insn.modrm.value) == 7)
-			return ES_OK;
-		break;
-
-	case SVM_EXIT_VMMCALL:
-		if (opcode == 0x010f && modrm == 0xd9)
-			return ES_OK;
-
-		break;
-
-	case SVM_EXIT_WRITE_DR7:
-		if (opcode == 0x230f &&
-		    X86_MODRM_REG(ctxt->insn.modrm.value) == 7)
-			return ES_OK;
-		break;
-
-	case SVM_EXIT_WBINVD:
-		if (opcode == 0x90f)
-			return ES_OK;
-		break;
-
-	default:
-		break;
-	}
-
-	sev_printk(KERN_ERR "Wrong/unhandled opcode bytes: 0x%x, exit_code: 0x%lx, rIP: 0x%lx\n",
-		   opcode, exit_code, ctxt->regs->ip);
-
-	return ES_UNSUPPORTED;
-}
-
 /*
  * Maintain the GPA of the SVSM Calling Area (CA) in order to utilize the SVSM
  * services needed when not running in VMPL0.
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/startup/sev-startup.c b/arch/x86/boot/startup/sev-startup.c
index f901ce9..435853a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/boot/startup/sev-startup.c
+++ b/arch/x86/boot/startup/sev-startup.c
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 #define pr_fmt(fmt)	"SEV: " fmt
 
-#include <linux/sched/debug.h>	/* For show_regs() */
 #include <linux/percpu-defs.h>
 #include <linux/cc_platform.h>
 #include <linux/printk.h>
@@ -112,315 +111,6 @@ noinstr struct ghcb *__sev_get_ghcb(struct ghcb_state *state)
 	return ghcb;
 }
 
-static int vc_fetch_insn_kernel(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-				unsigned char *buffer)
-{
-	return copy_from_kernel_nofault(buffer, (unsigned char *)ctxt->regs->ip, MAX_INSN_SIZE);
-}
-
-static enum es_result __vc_decode_user_insn(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	char buffer[MAX_INSN_SIZE];
-	int insn_bytes;
-
-	insn_bytes = insn_fetch_from_user_inatomic(ctxt->regs, buffer);
-	if (insn_bytes == 0) {
-		/* Nothing could be copied */
-		ctxt->fi.vector     = X86_TRAP_PF;
-		ctxt->fi.error_code = X86_PF_INSTR | X86_PF_USER;
-		ctxt->fi.cr2        = ctxt->regs->ip;
-		return ES_EXCEPTION;
-	} else if (insn_bytes == -EINVAL) {
-		/* Effective RIP could not be calculated */
-		ctxt->fi.vector     = X86_TRAP_GP;
-		ctxt->fi.error_code = 0;
-		ctxt->fi.cr2        = 0;
-		return ES_EXCEPTION;
-	}
-
-	if (!insn_decode_from_regs(&ctxt->insn, ctxt->regs, buffer, insn_bytes))
-		return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
-
-	if (ctxt->insn.immediate.got)
-		return ES_OK;
-	else
-		return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
-}
-
-static enum es_result __vc_decode_kern_insn(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	char buffer[MAX_INSN_SIZE];
-	int res, ret;
-
-	res = vc_fetch_insn_kernel(ctxt, buffer);
-	if (res) {
-		ctxt->fi.vector     = X86_TRAP_PF;
-		ctxt->fi.error_code = X86_PF_INSTR;
-		ctxt->fi.cr2        = ctxt->regs->ip;
-		return ES_EXCEPTION;
-	}
-
-	ret = insn_decode(&ctxt->insn, buffer, MAX_INSN_SIZE, INSN_MODE_64);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
-	else
-		return ES_OK;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_decode_insn(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	if (user_mode(ctxt->regs))
-		return __vc_decode_user_insn(ctxt);
-	else
-		return __vc_decode_kern_insn(ctxt);
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_write_mem(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-				   char *dst, char *buf, size_t size)
-{
-	unsigned long error_code = X86_PF_PROT | X86_PF_WRITE;
-
-	/*
-	 * This function uses __put_user() independent of whether kernel or user
-	 * memory is accessed. This works fine because __put_user() does no
-	 * sanity checks of the pointer being accessed. All that it does is
-	 * to report when the access failed.
-	 *
-	 * Also, this function runs in atomic context, so __put_user() is not
-	 * allowed to sleep. The page-fault handler detects that it is running
-	 * in atomic context and will not try to take mmap_sem and handle the
-	 * fault, so additional pagefault_enable()/disable() calls are not
-	 * needed.
-	 *
-	 * The access can't be done via copy_to_user() here because
-	 * vc_write_mem() must not use string instructions to access unsafe
-	 * memory. The reason is that MOVS is emulated by the #VC handler by
-	 * splitting the move up into a read and a write and taking a nested #VC
-	 * exception on whatever of them is the MMIO access. Using string
-	 * instructions here would cause infinite nesting.
-	 */
-	switch (size) {
-	case 1: {
-		u8 d1;
-		u8 __user *target = (u8 __user *)dst;
-
-		memcpy(&d1, buf, 1);
-		if (__put_user(d1, target))
-			goto fault;
-		break;
-	}
-	case 2: {
-		u16 d2;
-		u16 __user *target = (u16 __user *)dst;
-
-		memcpy(&d2, buf, 2);
-		if (__put_user(d2, target))
-			goto fault;
-		break;
-	}
-	case 4: {
-		u32 d4;
-		u32 __user *target = (u32 __user *)dst;
-
-		memcpy(&d4, buf, 4);
-		if (__put_user(d4, target))
-			goto fault;
-		break;
-	}
-	case 8: {
-		u64 d8;
-		u64 __user *target = (u64 __user *)dst;
-
-		memcpy(&d8, buf, 8);
-		if (__put_user(d8, target))
-			goto fault;
-		break;
-	}
-	default:
-		WARN_ONCE(1, "%s: Invalid size: %zu\n", __func__, size);
-		return ES_UNSUPPORTED;
-	}
-
-	return ES_OK;
-
-fault:
-	if (user_mode(ctxt->regs))
-		error_code |= X86_PF_USER;
-
-	ctxt->fi.vector = X86_TRAP_PF;
-	ctxt->fi.error_code = error_code;
-	ctxt->fi.cr2 = (unsigned long)dst;
-
-	return ES_EXCEPTION;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_read_mem(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-				  char *src, char *buf, size_t size)
-{
-	unsigned long error_code = X86_PF_PROT;
-
-	/*
-	 * This function uses __get_user() independent of whether kernel or user
-	 * memory is accessed. This works fine because __get_user() does no
-	 * sanity checks of the pointer being accessed. All that it does is
-	 * to report when the access failed.
-	 *
-	 * Also, this function runs in atomic context, so __get_user() is not
-	 * allowed to sleep. The page-fault handler detects that it is running
-	 * in atomic context and will not try to take mmap_sem and handle the
-	 * fault, so additional pagefault_enable()/disable() calls are not
-	 * needed.
-	 *
-	 * The access can't be done via copy_from_user() here because
-	 * vc_read_mem() must not use string instructions to access unsafe
-	 * memory. The reason is that MOVS is emulated by the #VC handler by
-	 * splitting the move up into a read and a write and taking a nested #VC
-	 * exception on whatever of them is the MMIO access. Using string
-	 * instructions here would cause infinite nesting.
-	 */
-	switch (size) {
-	case 1: {
-		u8 d1;
-		u8 __user *s = (u8 __user *)src;
-
-		if (__get_user(d1, s))
-			goto fault;
-		memcpy(buf, &d1, 1);
-		break;
-	}
-	case 2: {
-		u16 d2;
-		u16 __user *s = (u16 __user *)src;
-
-		if (__get_user(d2, s))
-			goto fault;
-		memcpy(buf, &d2, 2);
-		break;
-	}
-	case 4: {
-		u32 d4;
-		u32 __user *s = (u32 __user *)src;
-
-		if (__get_user(d4, s))
-			goto fault;
-		memcpy(buf, &d4, 4);
-		break;
-	}
-	case 8: {
-		u64 d8;
-		u64 __user *s = (u64 __user *)src;
-		if (__get_user(d8, s))
-			goto fault;
-		memcpy(buf, &d8, 8);
-		break;
-	}
-	default:
-		WARN_ONCE(1, "%s: Invalid size: %zu\n", __func__, size);
-		return ES_UNSUPPORTED;
-	}
-
-	return ES_OK;
-
-fault:
-	if (user_mode(ctxt->regs))
-		error_code |= X86_PF_USER;
-
-	ctxt->fi.vector = X86_TRAP_PF;
-	ctxt->fi.error_code = error_code;
-	ctxt->fi.cr2 = (unsigned long)src;
-
-	return ES_EXCEPTION;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_slow_virt_to_phys(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-					   unsigned long vaddr, phys_addr_t *paddr)
-{
-	unsigned long va = (unsigned long)vaddr;
-	unsigned int level;
-	phys_addr_t pa;
-	pgd_t *pgd;
-	pte_t *pte;
-
-	pgd = __va(read_cr3_pa());
-	pgd = &pgd[pgd_index(va)];
-	pte = lookup_address_in_pgd(pgd, va, &level);
-	if (!pte) {
-		ctxt->fi.vector     = X86_TRAP_PF;
-		ctxt->fi.cr2        = vaddr;
-		ctxt->fi.error_code = 0;
-
-		if (user_mode(ctxt->regs))
-			ctxt->fi.error_code |= X86_PF_USER;
-
-		return ES_EXCEPTION;
-	}
-
-	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(pte_val(*pte) & _PAGE_ENC))
-		/* Emulated MMIO to/from encrypted memory not supported */
-		return ES_UNSUPPORTED;
-
-	pa = (phys_addr_t)pte_pfn(*pte) << PAGE_SHIFT;
-	pa |= va & ~page_level_mask(level);
-
-	*paddr = pa;
-
-	return ES_OK;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_ioio_check(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt, u16 port, size_t size)
-{
-	BUG_ON(size > 4);
-
-	if (user_mode(ctxt->regs)) {
-		struct thread_struct *t = &current->thread;
-		struct io_bitmap *iobm = t->io_bitmap;
-		size_t idx;
-
-		if (!iobm)
-			goto fault;
-
-		for (idx = port; idx < port + size; ++idx) {
-			if (test_bit(idx, iobm->bitmap))
-				goto fault;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return ES_OK;
-
-fault:
-	ctxt->fi.vector = X86_TRAP_GP;
-	ctxt->fi.error_code = 0;
-
-	return ES_EXCEPTION;
-}
-
-static __always_inline void vc_forward_exception(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	long error_code = ctxt->fi.error_code;
-	int trapnr = ctxt->fi.vector;
-
-	ctxt->regs->orig_ax = ctxt->fi.error_code;
-
-	switch (trapnr) {
-	case X86_TRAP_GP:
-		exc_general_protection(ctxt->regs, error_code);
-		break;
-	case X86_TRAP_UD:
-		exc_invalid_op(ctxt->regs);
-		break;
-	case X86_TRAP_PF:
-		write_cr2(ctxt->fi.cr2);
-		exc_page_fault(ctxt->regs, error_code);
-		break;
-	case X86_TRAP_AC:
-		exc_alignment_check(ctxt->regs, error_code);
-		break;
-	default:
-		pr_emerg("Unsupported exception in #VC instruction emulation - can't continue\n");
-		BUG();
-	}
-}
-
 /* Include code shared with pre-decompression boot stage */
 #include "sev-shared.c"
 
@@ -563,718 +253,6 @@ void __head early_snp_set_memory_shared(unsigned long vaddr, unsigned long paddr
 	early_set_pages_state(vaddr, paddr, npages, SNP_PAGE_STATE_SHARED);
 }
 
-/* Writes to the SVSM CAA MSR are ignored */
-static enum es_result __vc_handle_msr_caa(struct pt_regs *regs, bool write)
-{
-	if (write)
-		return ES_OK;
-
-	regs->ax = lower_32_bits(this_cpu_read(svsm_caa_pa));
-	regs->dx = upper_32_bits(this_cpu_read(svsm_caa_pa));
-
-	return ES_OK;
-}
-
-/*
- * TSC related accesses should not exit to the hypervisor when a guest is
- * executing with Secure TSC enabled, so special handling is required for
- * accesses of MSR_IA32_TSC and MSR_AMD64_GUEST_TSC_FREQ.
- */
-static enum es_result __vc_handle_secure_tsc_msrs(struct pt_regs *regs, bool write)
-{
-	u64 tsc;
-
-	/*
-	 * GUEST_TSC_FREQ should not be intercepted when Secure TSC is enabled.
-	 * Terminate the SNP guest when the interception is enabled.
-	 */
-	if (regs->cx == MSR_AMD64_GUEST_TSC_FREQ)
-		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
-
-	/*
-	 * Writes: Writing to MSR_IA32_TSC can cause subsequent reads of the TSC
-	 *         to return undefined values, so ignore all writes.
-	 *
-	 * Reads: Reads of MSR_IA32_TSC should return the current TSC value, use
-	 *        the value returned by rdtsc_ordered().
-	 */
-	if (write) {
-		WARN_ONCE(1, "TSC MSR writes are verboten!\n");
-		return ES_OK;
-	}
-
-	tsc = rdtsc_ordered();
-	regs->ax = lower_32_bits(tsc);
-	regs->dx = upper_32_bits(tsc);
-
-	return ES_OK;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_handle_msr(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	struct pt_regs *regs = ctxt->regs;
-	enum es_result ret;
-	bool write;
-
-	/* Is it a WRMSR? */
-	write = ctxt->insn.opcode.bytes[1] == 0x30;
-
-	switch (regs->cx) {
-	case MSR_SVSM_CAA:
-		return __vc_handle_msr_caa(regs, write);
-	case MSR_IA32_TSC:
-	case MSR_AMD64_GUEST_TSC_FREQ:
-		if (sev_status & MSR_AMD64_SNP_SECURE_TSC)
-			return __vc_handle_secure_tsc_msrs(regs, write);
-		break;
-	default:
-		break;
-	}
-
-	ghcb_set_rcx(ghcb, regs->cx);
-	if (write) {
-		ghcb_set_rax(ghcb, regs->ax);
-		ghcb_set_rdx(ghcb, regs->dx);
-	}
-
-	ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_MSR, write, 0);
-
-	if ((ret == ES_OK) && !write) {
-		regs->ax = ghcb->save.rax;
-		regs->dx = ghcb->save.rdx;
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static void __init vc_early_forward_exception(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	int trapnr = ctxt->fi.vector;
-
-	if (trapnr == X86_TRAP_PF)
-		native_write_cr2(ctxt->fi.cr2);
-
-	ctxt->regs->orig_ax = ctxt->fi.error_code;
-	do_early_exception(ctxt->regs, trapnr);
-}
-
-static long *vc_insn_get_rm(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	long *reg_array;
-	int offset;
-
-	reg_array = (long *)ctxt->regs;
-	offset    = insn_get_modrm_rm_off(&ctxt->insn, ctxt->regs);
-
-	if (offset < 0)
-		return NULL;
-
-	offset /= sizeof(long);
-
-	return reg_array + offset;
-}
-static enum es_result vc_do_mmio(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-				 unsigned int bytes, bool read)
-{
-	u64 exit_code, exit_info_1, exit_info_2;
-	unsigned long ghcb_pa = __pa(ghcb);
-	enum es_result res;
-	phys_addr_t paddr;
-	void __user *ref;
-
-	ref = insn_get_addr_ref(&ctxt->insn, ctxt->regs);
-	if (ref == (void __user *)-1L)
-		return ES_UNSUPPORTED;
-
-	exit_code = read ? SVM_VMGEXIT_MMIO_READ : SVM_VMGEXIT_MMIO_WRITE;
-
-	res = vc_slow_virt_to_phys(ghcb, ctxt, (unsigned long)ref, &paddr);
-	if (res != ES_OK) {
-		if (res == ES_EXCEPTION && !read)
-			ctxt->fi.error_code |= X86_PF_WRITE;
-
-		return res;
-	}
-
-	exit_info_1 = paddr;
-	/* Can never be greater than 8 */
-	exit_info_2 = bytes;
-
-	ghcb_set_sw_scratch(ghcb, ghcb_pa + offsetof(struct ghcb, shared_buffer));
-
-	return sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, exit_code, exit_info_1, exit_info_2);
-}
-
-/*
- * The MOVS instruction has two memory operands, which raises the
- * problem that it is not known whether the access to the source or the
- * destination caused the #VC exception (and hence whether an MMIO read
- * or write operation needs to be emulated).
- *
- * Instead of playing games with walking page-tables and trying to guess
- * whether the source or destination is an MMIO range, split the move
- * into two operations, a read and a write with only one memory operand.
- * This will cause a nested #VC exception on the MMIO address which can
- * then be handled.
- *
- * This implementation has the benefit that it also supports MOVS where
- * source _and_ destination are MMIO regions.
- *
- * It will slow MOVS on MMIO down a lot, but in SEV-ES guests it is a
- * rare operation. If it turns out to be a performance problem the split
- * operations can be moved to memcpy_fromio() and memcpy_toio().
- */
-static enum es_result vc_handle_mmio_movs(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-					  unsigned int bytes)
-{
-	unsigned long ds_base, es_base;
-	unsigned char *src, *dst;
-	unsigned char buffer[8];
-	enum es_result ret;
-	bool rep;
-	int off;
-
-	ds_base = insn_get_seg_base(ctxt->regs, INAT_SEG_REG_DS);
-	es_base = insn_get_seg_base(ctxt->regs, INAT_SEG_REG_ES);
-
-	if (ds_base == -1L || es_base == -1L) {
-		ctxt->fi.vector = X86_TRAP_GP;
-		ctxt->fi.error_code = 0;
-		return ES_EXCEPTION;
-	}
-
-	src = ds_base + (unsigned char *)ctxt->regs->si;
-	dst = es_base + (unsigned char *)ctxt->regs->di;
-
-	ret = vc_read_mem(ctxt, src, buffer, bytes);
-	if (ret != ES_OK)
-		return ret;
-
-	ret = vc_write_mem(ctxt, dst, buffer, bytes);
-	if (ret != ES_OK)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (ctxt->regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_DF)
-		off = -bytes;
-	else
-		off =  bytes;
-
-	ctxt->regs->si += off;
-	ctxt->regs->di += off;
-
-	rep = insn_has_rep_prefix(&ctxt->insn);
-	if (rep)
-		ctxt->regs->cx -= 1;
-
-	if (!rep || ctxt->regs->cx == 0)
-		return ES_OK;
-	else
-		return ES_RETRY;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_handle_mmio(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	struct insn *insn = &ctxt->insn;
-	enum insn_mmio_type mmio;
-	unsigned int bytes = 0;
-	enum es_result ret;
-	u8 sign_byte;
-	long *reg_data;
-
-	mmio = insn_decode_mmio(insn, &bytes);
-	if (mmio == INSN_MMIO_DECODE_FAILED)
-		return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
-
-	if (mmio != INSN_MMIO_WRITE_IMM && mmio != INSN_MMIO_MOVS) {
-		reg_data = insn_get_modrm_reg_ptr(insn, ctxt->regs);
-		if (!reg_data)
-			return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
-	}
-
-	if (user_mode(ctxt->regs))
-		return ES_UNSUPPORTED;
-
-	switch (mmio) {
-	case INSN_MMIO_WRITE:
-		memcpy(ghcb->shared_buffer, reg_data, bytes);
-		ret = vc_do_mmio(ghcb, ctxt, bytes, false);
-		break;
-	case INSN_MMIO_WRITE_IMM:
-		memcpy(ghcb->shared_buffer, insn->immediate1.bytes, bytes);
-		ret = vc_do_mmio(ghcb, ctxt, bytes, false);
-		break;
-	case INSN_MMIO_READ:
-		ret = vc_do_mmio(ghcb, ctxt, bytes, true);
-		if (ret)
-			break;
-
-		/* Zero-extend for 32-bit operation */
-		if (bytes == 4)
-			*reg_data = 0;
-
-		memcpy(reg_data, ghcb->shared_buffer, bytes);
-		break;
-	case INSN_MMIO_READ_ZERO_EXTEND:
-		ret = vc_do_mmio(ghcb, ctxt, bytes, true);
-		if (ret)
-			break;
-
-		/* Zero extend based on operand size */
-		memset(reg_data, 0, insn->opnd_bytes);
-		memcpy(reg_data, ghcb->shared_buffer, bytes);
-		break;
-	case INSN_MMIO_READ_SIGN_EXTEND:
-		ret = vc_do_mmio(ghcb, ctxt, bytes, true);
-		if (ret)
-			break;
-
-		if (bytes == 1) {
-			u8 *val = (u8 *)ghcb->shared_buffer;
-
-			sign_byte = (*val & 0x80) ? 0xff : 0x00;
-		} else {
-			u16 *val = (u16 *)ghcb->shared_buffer;
-
-			sign_byte = (*val & 0x8000) ? 0xff : 0x00;
-		}
-
-		/* Sign extend based on operand size */
-		memset(reg_data, sign_byte, insn->opnd_bytes);
-		memcpy(reg_data, ghcb->shared_buffer, bytes);
-		break;
-	case INSN_MMIO_MOVS:
-		ret = vc_handle_mmio_movs(ctxt, bytes);
-		break;
-	default:
-		ret = ES_UNSUPPORTED;
-		break;
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_handle_dr7_write(struct ghcb *ghcb,
-					  struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	struct sev_es_runtime_data *data = this_cpu_read(runtime_data);
-	long val, *reg = vc_insn_get_rm(ctxt);
-	enum es_result ret;
-
-	if (sev_status & MSR_AMD64_SNP_DEBUG_SWAP)
-		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
-
-	if (!reg)
-		return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
-
-	val = *reg;
-
-	/* Upper 32 bits must be written as zeroes */
-	if (val >> 32) {
-		ctxt->fi.vector = X86_TRAP_GP;
-		ctxt->fi.error_code = 0;
-		return ES_EXCEPTION;
-	}
-
-	/* Clear out other reserved bits and set bit 10 */
-	val = (val & 0xffff23ffL) | BIT(10);
-
-	/* Early non-zero writes to DR7 are not supported */
-	if (!data && (val & ~DR7_RESET_VALUE))
-		return ES_UNSUPPORTED;
-
-	/* Using a value of 0 for ExitInfo1 means RAX holds the value */
-	ghcb_set_rax(ghcb, val);
-	ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_WRITE_DR7, 0, 0);
-	if (ret != ES_OK)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (data)
-		data->dr7 = val;
-
-	return ES_OK;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_handle_dr7_read(struct ghcb *ghcb,
-					 struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	struct sev_es_runtime_data *data = this_cpu_read(runtime_data);
-	long *reg = vc_insn_get_rm(ctxt);
-
-	if (sev_status & MSR_AMD64_SNP_DEBUG_SWAP)
-		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
-
-	if (!reg)
-		return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
-
-	if (data)
-		*reg = data->dr7;
-	else
-		*reg = DR7_RESET_VALUE;
-
-	return ES_OK;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_handle_wbinvd(struct ghcb *ghcb,
-				       struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	return sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_WBINVD, 0, 0);
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_handle_rdpmc(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	enum es_result ret;
-
-	ghcb_set_rcx(ghcb, ctxt->regs->cx);
-
-	ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_RDPMC, 0, 0);
-	if (ret != ES_OK)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (!(ghcb_rax_is_valid(ghcb) && ghcb_rdx_is_valid(ghcb)))
-		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
-
-	ctxt->regs->ax = ghcb->save.rax;
-	ctxt->regs->dx = ghcb->save.rdx;
-
-	return ES_OK;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_handle_monitor(struct ghcb *ghcb,
-					struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Treat it as a NOP and do not leak a physical address to the
-	 * hypervisor.
-	 */
-	return ES_OK;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_handle_mwait(struct ghcb *ghcb,
-				      struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	/* Treat the same as MONITOR/MONITORX */
-	return ES_OK;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_handle_vmmcall(struct ghcb *ghcb,
-					struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	enum es_result ret;
-
-	ghcb_set_rax(ghcb, ctxt->regs->ax);
-	ghcb_set_cpl(ghcb, user_mode(ctxt->regs) ? 3 : 0);
-
-	if (x86_platform.hyper.sev_es_hcall_prepare)
-		x86_platform.hyper.sev_es_hcall_prepare(ghcb, ctxt->regs);
-
-	ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_VMMCALL, 0, 0);
-	if (ret != ES_OK)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (!ghcb_rax_is_valid(ghcb))
-		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
-
-	ctxt->regs->ax = ghcb->save.rax;
-
-	/*
-	 * Call sev_es_hcall_finish() after regs->ax is already set.
-	 * This allows the hypervisor handler to overwrite it again if
-	 * necessary.
-	 */
-	if (x86_platform.hyper.sev_es_hcall_finish &&
-	    !x86_platform.hyper.sev_es_hcall_finish(ghcb, ctxt->regs))
-		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
-
-	return ES_OK;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_handle_trap_ac(struct ghcb *ghcb,
-					struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Calling ecx_alignment_check() directly does not work, because it
-	 * enables IRQs and the GHCB is active. Forward the exception and call
-	 * it later from vc_forward_exception().
-	 */
-	ctxt->fi.vector = X86_TRAP_AC;
-	ctxt->fi.error_code = 0;
-	return ES_EXCEPTION;
-}
-
-static enum es_result vc_handle_exitcode(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-					 struct ghcb *ghcb,
-					 unsigned long exit_code)
-{
-	enum es_result result = vc_check_opcode_bytes(ctxt, exit_code);
-
-	if (result != ES_OK)
-		return result;
-
-	switch (exit_code) {
-	case SVM_EXIT_READ_DR7:
-		result = vc_handle_dr7_read(ghcb, ctxt);
-		break;
-	case SVM_EXIT_WRITE_DR7:
-		result = vc_handle_dr7_write(ghcb, ctxt);
-		break;
-	case SVM_EXIT_EXCP_BASE + X86_TRAP_AC:
-		result = vc_handle_trap_ac(ghcb, ctxt);
-		break;
-	case SVM_EXIT_RDTSC:
-	case SVM_EXIT_RDTSCP:
-		result = vc_handle_rdtsc(ghcb, ctxt, exit_code);
-		break;
-	case SVM_EXIT_RDPMC:
-		result = vc_handle_rdpmc(ghcb, ctxt);
-		break;
-	case SVM_EXIT_INVD:
-		pr_err_ratelimited("#VC exception for INVD??? Seriously???\n");
-		result = ES_UNSUPPORTED;
-		break;
-	case SVM_EXIT_CPUID:
-		result = vc_handle_cpuid(ghcb, ctxt);
-		break;
-	case SVM_EXIT_IOIO:
-		result = vc_handle_ioio(ghcb, ctxt);
-		break;
-	case SVM_EXIT_MSR:
-		result = vc_handle_msr(ghcb, ctxt);
-		break;
-	case SVM_EXIT_VMMCALL:
-		result = vc_handle_vmmcall(ghcb, ctxt);
-		break;
-	case SVM_EXIT_WBINVD:
-		result = vc_handle_wbinvd(ghcb, ctxt);
-		break;
-	case SVM_EXIT_MONITOR:
-		result = vc_handle_monitor(ghcb, ctxt);
-		break;
-	case SVM_EXIT_MWAIT:
-		result = vc_handle_mwait(ghcb, ctxt);
-		break;
-	case SVM_EXIT_NPF:
-		result = vc_handle_mmio(ghcb, ctxt);
-		break;
-	default:
-		/*
-		 * Unexpected #VC exception
-		 */
-		result = ES_UNSUPPORTED;
-	}
-
-	return result;
-}
-
-static __always_inline bool is_vc2_stack(unsigned long sp)
-{
-	return (sp >= __this_cpu_ist_bottom_va(VC2) && sp < __this_cpu_ist_top_va(VC2));
-}
-
-static __always_inline bool vc_from_invalid_context(struct pt_regs *regs)
-{
-	unsigned long sp, prev_sp;
-
-	sp      = (unsigned long)regs;
-	prev_sp = regs->sp;
-
-	/*
-	 * If the code was already executing on the VC2 stack when the #VC
-	 * happened, let it proceed to the normal handling routine. This way the
-	 * code executing on the VC2 stack can cause #VC exceptions to get handled.
-	 */
-	return is_vc2_stack(sp) && !is_vc2_stack(prev_sp);
-}
-
-static bool vc_raw_handle_exception(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code)
-{
-	struct ghcb_state state;
-	struct es_em_ctxt ctxt;
-	enum es_result result;
-	struct ghcb *ghcb;
-	bool ret = true;
-
-	ghcb = __sev_get_ghcb(&state);
-
-	vc_ghcb_invalidate(ghcb);
-	result = vc_init_em_ctxt(&ctxt, regs, error_code);
-
-	if (result == ES_OK)
-		result = vc_handle_exitcode(&ctxt, ghcb, error_code);
-
-	__sev_put_ghcb(&state);
-
-	/* Done - now check the result */
-	switch (result) {
-	case ES_OK:
-		vc_finish_insn(&ctxt);
-		break;
-	case ES_UNSUPPORTED:
-		pr_err_ratelimited("Unsupported exit-code 0x%02lx in #VC exception (IP: 0x%lx)\n",
-				   error_code, regs->ip);
-		ret = false;
-		break;
-	case ES_VMM_ERROR:
-		pr_err_ratelimited("Failure in communication with VMM (exit-code 0x%02lx IP: 0x%lx)\n",
-				   error_code, regs->ip);
-		ret = false;
-		break;
-	case ES_DECODE_FAILED:
-		pr_err_ratelimited("Failed to decode instruction (exit-code 0x%02lx IP: 0x%lx)\n",
-				   error_code, regs->ip);
-		ret = false;
-		break;
-	case ES_EXCEPTION:
-		vc_forward_exception(&ctxt);
-		break;
-	case ES_RETRY:
-		/* Nothing to do */
-		break;
-	default:
-		pr_emerg("Unknown result in %s():%d\n", __func__, result);
-		/*
-		 * Emulating the instruction which caused the #VC exception
-		 * failed - can't continue so print debug information
-		 */
-		BUG();
-	}
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static __always_inline bool vc_is_db(unsigned long error_code)
-{
-	return error_code == SVM_EXIT_EXCP_BASE + X86_TRAP_DB;
-}
-
-/*
- * Runtime #VC exception handler when raised from kernel mode. Runs in NMI mode
- * and will panic when an error happens.
- */
-DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_KERNEL(exc_vmm_communication)
-{
-	irqentry_state_t irq_state;
-
-	/*
-	 * With the current implementation it is always possible to switch to a
-	 * safe stack because #VC exceptions only happen at known places, like
-	 * intercepted instructions or accesses to MMIO areas/IO ports. They can
-	 * also happen with code instrumentation when the hypervisor intercepts
-	 * #DB, but the critical paths are forbidden to be instrumented, so #DB
-	 * exceptions currently also only happen in safe places.
-	 *
-	 * But keep this here in case the noinstr annotations are violated due
-	 * to bug elsewhere.
-	 */
-	if (unlikely(vc_from_invalid_context(regs))) {
-		instrumentation_begin();
-		panic("Can't handle #VC exception from unsupported context\n");
-		instrumentation_end();
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Handle #DB before calling into !noinstr code to avoid recursive #DB.
-	 */
-	if (vc_is_db(error_code)) {
-		exc_debug(regs);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	irq_state = irqentry_nmi_enter(regs);
-
-	instrumentation_begin();
-
-	if (!vc_raw_handle_exception(regs, error_code)) {
-		/* Show some debug info */
-		show_regs(regs);
-
-		/* Ask hypervisor to sev_es_terminate */
-		sev_es_terminate(SEV_TERM_SET_GEN, GHCB_SEV_ES_GEN_REQ);
-
-		/* If that fails and we get here - just panic */
-		panic("Returned from Terminate-Request to Hypervisor\n");
-	}
-
-	instrumentation_end();
-	irqentry_nmi_exit(regs, irq_state);
-}
-
-/*
- * Runtime #VC exception handler when raised from user mode. Runs in IRQ mode
- * and will kill the current task with SIGBUS when an error happens.
- */
-DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_USER(exc_vmm_communication)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Handle #DB before calling into !noinstr code to avoid recursive #DB.
-	 */
-	if (vc_is_db(error_code)) {
-		noist_exc_debug(regs);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	irqentry_enter_from_user_mode(regs);
-	instrumentation_begin();
-
-	if (!vc_raw_handle_exception(regs, error_code)) {
-		/*
-		 * Do not kill the machine if user-space triggered the
-		 * exception. Send SIGBUS instead and let user-space deal with
-		 * it.
-		 */
-		force_sig_fault(SIGBUS, BUS_OBJERR, (void __user *)0);
-	}
-
-	instrumentation_end();
-	irqentry_exit_to_user_mode(regs);
-}
-
-bool __init handle_vc_boot_ghcb(struct pt_regs *regs)
-{
-	unsigned long exit_code = regs->orig_ax;
-	struct es_em_ctxt ctxt;
-	enum es_result result;
-
-	vc_ghcb_invalidate(boot_ghcb);
-
-	result = vc_init_em_ctxt(&ctxt, regs, exit_code);
-	if (result == ES_OK)
-		result = vc_handle_exitcode(&ctxt, boot_ghcb, exit_code);
-
-	/* Done - now check the result */
-	switch (result) {
-	case ES_OK:
-		vc_finish_insn(&ctxt);
-		break;
-	case ES_UNSUPPORTED:
-		early_printk("PANIC: Unsupported exit-code 0x%02lx in early #VC exception (IP: 0x%lx)\n",
-				exit_code, regs->ip);
-		goto fail;
-	case ES_VMM_ERROR:
-		early_printk("PANIC: Failure in communication with VMM (exit-code 0x%02lx IP: 0x%lx)\n",
-				exit_code, regs->ip);
-		goto fail;
-	case ES_DECODE_FAILED:
-		early_printk("PANIC: Failed to decode instruction (exit-code 0x%02lx IP: 0x%lx)\n",
-				exit_code, regs->ip);
-		goto fail;
-	case ES_EXCEPTION:
-		vc_early_forward_exception(&ctxt);
-		break;
-	case ES_RETRY:
-		/* Nothing to do */
-		break;
-	default:
-		BUG();
-	}
-
-	return true;
-
-fail:
-	show_regs(regs);
-
-	sev_es_terminate(SEV_TERM_SET_GEN, GHCB_SEV_ES_GEN_REQ);
-}
-
 /*
  * Initial set up of SNP relies on information provided by the
  * Confidential Computing blob, which can be passed to the kernel
diff --git a/arch/x86/coco/sev/Makefile b/arch/x86/coco/sev/Makefile
index 2919dcf..db3255b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/coco/sev/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/coco/sev/Makefile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
-obj-y += core.o sev-nmi.o
+obj-y += core.o sev-nmi.o vc-handle.o
 
 # Clang 14 and older may fail to respect __no_sanitize_undefined when inlining
 UBSAN_SANITIZE_sev-nmi.o	:= n
diff --git a/arch/x86/coco/sev/vc-handle.c b/arch/x86/coco/sev/vc-handle.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4895c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/coco/sev/vc-handle.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1061 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * AMD Memory Encryption Support
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 SUSE
+ *
+ * Author: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
+ */
+
+#define pr_fmt(fmt)	"SEV: " fmt
+
+#include <linux/sched/debug.h>	/* For show_regs() */
+#include <linux/cc_platform.h>
+#include <linux/printk.h>
+#include <linux/mm_types.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/io.h>
+#include <linux/psp-sev.h>
+#include <uapi/linux/sev-guest.h>
+
+#include <asm/init.h>
+#include <asm/stacktrace.h>
+#include <asm/sev.h>
+#include <asm/sev-internal.h>
+#include <asm/insn-eval.h>
+#include <asm/fpu/xcr.h>
+#include <asm/processor.h>
+#include <asm/setup.h>
+#include <asm/traps.h>
+#include <asm/svm.h>
+#include <asm/smp.h>
+#include <asm/cpu.h>
+#include <asm/apic.h>
+#include <asm/cpuid.h>
+
+static enum es_result vc_slow_virt_to_phys(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+					   unsigned long vaddr, phys_addr_t *paddr)
+{
+	unsigned long va = (unsigned long)vaddr;
+	unsigned int level;
+	phys_addr_t pa;
+	pgd_t *pgd;
+	pte_t *pte;
+
+	pgd = __va(read_cr3_pa());
+	pgd = &pgd[pgd_index(va)];
+	pte = lookup_address_in_pgd(pgd, va, &level);
+	if (!pte) {
+		ctxt->fi.vector     = X86_TRAP_PF;
+		ctxt->fi.cr2        = vaddr;
+		ctxt->fi.error_code = 0;
+
+		if (user_mode(ctxt->regs))
+			ctxt->fi.error_code |= X86_PF_USER;
+
+		return ES_EXCEPTION;
+	}
+
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(pte_val(*pte) & _PAGE_ENC))
+		/* Emulated MMIO to/from encrypted memory not supported */
+		return ES_UNSUPPORTED;
+
+	pa = (phys_addr_t)pte_pfn(*pte) << PAGE_SHIFT;
+	pa |= va & ~page_level_mask(level);
+
+	*paddr = pa;
+
+	return ES_OK;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_ioio_check(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt, u16 port, size_t size)
+{
+	BUG_ON(size > 4);
+
+	if (user_mode(ctxt->regs)) {
+		struct thread_struct *t = &current->thread;
+		struct io_bitmap *iobm = t->io_bitmap;
+		size_t idx;
+
+		if (!iobm)
+			goto fault;
+
+		for (idx = port; idx < port + size; ++idx) {
+			if (test_bit(idx, iobm->bitmap))
+				goto fault;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ES_OK;
+
+fault:
+	ctxt->fi.vector = X86_TRAP_GP;
+	ctxt->fi.error_code = 0;
+
+	return ES_EXCEPTION;
+}
+
+void vc_forward_exception(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	long error_code = ctxt->fi.error_code;
+	int trapnr = ctxt->fi.vector;
+
+	ctxt->regs->orig_ax = ctxt->fi.error_code;
+
+	switch (trapnr) {
+	case X86_TRAP_GP:
+		exc_general_protection(ctxt->regs, error_code);
+		break;
+	case X86_TRAP_UD:
+		exc_invalid_op(ctxt->regs);
+		break;
+	case X86_TRAP_PF:
+		write_cr2(ctxt->fi.cr2);
+		exc_page_fault(ctxt->regs, error_code);
+		break;
+	case X86_TRAP_AC:
+		exc_alignment_check(ctxt->regs, error_code);
+		break;
+	default:
+		pr_emerg("Unsupported exception in #VC instruction emulation - can't continue\n");
+		BUG();
+	}
+}
+
+static int vc_fetch_insn_kernel(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+				unsigned char *buffer)
+{
+	return copy_from_kernel_nofault(buffer, (unsigned char *)ctxt->regs->ip, MAX_INSN_SIZE);
+}
+
+static enum es_result __vc_decode_user_insn(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	char buffer[MAX_INSN_SIZE];
+	int insn_bytes;
+
+	insn_bytes = insn_fetch_from_user_inatomic(ctxt->regs, buffer);
+	if (insn_bytes == 0) {
+		/* Nothing could be copied */
+		ctxt->fi.vector     = X86_TRAP_PF;
+		ctxt->fi.error_code = X86_PF_INSTR | X86_PF_USER;
+		ctxt->fi.cr2        = ctxt->regs->ip;
+		return ES_EXCEPTION;
+	} else if (insn_bytes == -EINVAL) {
+		/* Effective RIP could not be calculated */
+		ctxt->fi.vector     = X86_TRAP_GP;
+		ctxt->fi.error_code = 0;
+		ctxt->fi.cr2        = 0;
+		return ES_EXCEPTION;
+	}
+
+	if (!insn_decode_from_regs(&ctxt->insn, ctxt->regs, buffer, insn_bytes))
+		return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
+
+	if (ctxt->insn.immediate.got)
+		return ES_OK;
+	else
+		return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
+}
+
+static enum es_result __vc_decode_kern_insn(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	char buffer[MAX_INSN_SIZE];
+	int res, ret;
+
+	res = vc_fetch_insn_kernel(ctxt, buffer);
+	if (res) {
+		ctxt->fi.vector     = X86_TRAP_PF;
+		ctxt->fi.error_code = X86_PF_INSTR;
+		ctxt->fi.cr2        = ctxt->regs->ip;
+		return ES_EXCEPTION;
+	}
+
+	ret = insn_decode(&ctxt->insn, buffer, MAX_INSN_SIZE, INSN_MODE_64);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
+	else
+		return ES_OK;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_decode_insn(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	if (user_mode(ctxt->regs))
+		return __vc_decode_user_insn(ctxt);
+	else
+		return __vc_decode_kern_insn(ctxt);
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_write_mem(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+				   char *dst, char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	unsigned long error_code = X86_PF_PROT | X86_PF_WRITE;
+
+	/*
+	 * This function uses __put_user() independent of whether kernel or user
+	 * memory is accessed. This works fine because __put_user() does no
+	 * sanity checks of the pointer being accessed. All that it does is
+	 * to report when the access failed.
+	 *
+	 * Also, this function runs in atomic context, so __put_user() is not
+	 * allowed to sleep. The page-fault handler detects that it is running
+	 * in atomic context and will not try to take mmap_sem and handle the
+	 * fault, so additional pagefault_enable()/disable() calls are not
+	 * needed.
+	 *
+	 * The access can't be done via copy_to_user() here because
+	 * vc_write_mem() must not use string instructions to access unsafe
+	 * memory. The reason is that MOVS is emulated by the #VC handler by
+	 * splitting the move up into a read and a write and taking a nested #VC
+	 * exception on whatever of them is the MMIO access. Using string
+	 * instructions here would cause infinite nesting.
+	 */
+	switch (size) {
+	case 1: {
+		u8 d1;
+		u8 __user *target = (u8 __user *)dst;
+
+		memcpy(&d1, buf, 1);
+		if (__put_user(d1, target))
+			goto fault;
+		break;
+	}
+	case 2: {
+		u16 d2;
+		u16 __user *target = (u16 __user *)dst;
+
+		memcpy(&d2, buf, 2);
+		if (__put_user(d2, target))
+			goto fault;
+		break;
+	}
+	case 4: {
+		u32 d4;
+		u32 __user *target = (u32 __user *)dst;
+
+		memcpy(&d4, buf, 4);
+		if (__put_user(d4, target))
+			goto fault;
+		break;
+	}
+	case 8: {
+		u64 d8;
+		u64 __user *target = (u64 __user *)dst;
+
+		memcpy(&d8, buf, 8);
+		if (__put_user(d8, target))
+			goto fault;
+		break;
+	}
+	default:
+		WARN_ONCE(1, "%s: Invalid size: %zu\n", __func__, size);
+		return ES_UNSUPPORTED;
+	}
+
+	return ES_OK;
+
+fault:
+	if (user_mode(ctxt->regs))
+		error_code |= X86_PF_USER;
+
+	ctxt->fi.vector = X86_TRAP_PF;
+	ctxt->fi.error_code = error_code;
+	ctxt->fi.cr2 = (unsigned long)dst;
+
+	return ES_EXCEPTION;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_read_mem(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+				  char *src, char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	unsigned long error_code = X86_PF_PROT;
+
+	/*
+	 * This function uses __get_user() independent of whether kernel or user
+	 * memory is accessed. This works fine because __get_user() does no
+	 * sanity checks of the pointer being accessed. All that it does is
+	 * to report when the access failed.
+	 *
+	 * Also, this function runs in atomic context, so __get_user() is not
+	 * allowed to sleep. The page-fault handler detects that it is running
+	 * in atomic context and will not try to take mmap_sem and handle the
+	 * fault, so additional pagefault_enable()/disable() calls are not
+	 * needed.
+	 *
+	 * The access can't be done via copy_from_user() here because
+	 * vc_read_mem() must not use string instructions to access unsafe
+	 * memory. The reason is that MOVS is emulated by the #VC handler by
+	 * splitting the move up into a read and a write and taking a nested #VC
+	 * exception on whatever of them is the MMIO access. Using string
+	 * instructions here would cause infinite nesting.
+	 */
+	switch (size) {
+	case 1: {
+		u8 d1;
+		u8 __user *s = (u8 __user *)src;
+
+		if (__get_user(d1, s))
+			goto fault;
+		memcpy(buf, &d1, 1);
+		break;
+	}
+	case 2: {
+		u16 d2;
+		u16 __user *s = (u16 __user *)src;
+
+		if (__get_user(d2, s))
+			goto fault;
+		memcpy(buf, &d2, 2);
+		break;
+	}
+	case 4: {
+		u32 d4;
+		u32 __user *s = (u32 __user *)src;
+
+		if (__get_user(d4, s))
+			goto fault;
+		memcpy(buf, &d4, 4);
+		break;
+	}
+	case 8: {
+		u64 d8;
+		u64 __user *s = (u64 __user *)src;
+		if (__get_user(d8, s))
+			goto fault;
+		memcpy(buf, &d8, 8);
+		break;
+	}
+	default:
+		WARN_ONCE(1, "%s: Invalid size: %zu\n", __func__, size);
+		return ES_UNSUPPORTED;
+	}
+
+	return ES_OK;
+
+fault:
+	if (user_mode(ctxt->regs))
+		error_code |= X86_PF_USER;
+
+	ctxt->fi.vector = X86_TRAP_PF;
+	ctxt->fi.error_code = error_code;
+	ctxt->fi.cr2 = (unsigned long)src;
+
+	return ES_EXCEPTION;
+}
+
+#define sev_printk(fmt, ...)		printk(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#include "vc-shared.c"
+
+/* Writes to the SVSM CAA MSR are ignored */
+static enum es_result __vc_handle_msr_caa(struct pt_regs *regs, bool write)
+{
+	if (write)
+		return ES_OK;
+
+	regs->ax = lower_32_bits(this_cpu_read(svsm_caa_pa));
+	regs->dx = upper_32_bits(this_cpu_read(svsm_caa_pa));
+
+	return ES_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * TSC related accesses should not exit to the hypervisor when a guest is
+ * executing with Secure TSC enabled, so special handling is required for
+ * accesses of MSR_IA32_TSC and MSR_AMD64_GUEST_TSC_FREQ.
+ */
+static enum es_result __vc_handle_secure_tsc_msrs(struct pt_regs *regs, bool write)
+{
+	u64 tsc;
+
+	/*
+	 * GUEST_TSC_FREQ should not be intercepted when Secure TSC is enabled.
+	 * Terminate the SNP guest when the interception is enabled.
+	 */
+	if (regs->cx == MSR_AMD64_GUEST_TSC_FREQ)
+		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
+
+	/*
+	 * Writes: Writing to MSR_IA32_TSC can cause subsequent reads of the TSC
+	 *         to return undefined values, so ignore all writes.
+	 *
+	 * Reads: Reads of MSR_IA32_TSC should return the current TSC value, use
+	 *        the value returned by rdtsc_ordered().
+	 */
+	if (write) {
+		WARN_ONCE(1, "TSC MSR writes are verboten!\n");
+		return ES_OK;
+	}
+
+	tsc = rdtsc_ordered();
+	regs->ax = lower_32_bits(tsc);
+	regs->dx = upper_32_bits(tsc);
+
+	return ES_OK;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_handle_msr(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	struct pt_regs *regs = ctxt->regs;
+	enum es_result ret;
+	bool write;
+
+	/* Is it a WRMSR? */
+	write = ctxt->insn.opcode.bytes[1] == 0x30;
+
+	switch (regs->cx) {
+	case MSR_SVSM_CAA:
+		return __vc_handle_msr_caa(regs, write);
+	case MSR_IA32_TSC:
+	case MSR_AMD64_GUEST_TSC_FREQ:
+		if (sev_status & MSR_AMD64_SNP_SECURE_TSC)
+			return __vc_handle_secure_tsc_msrs(regs, write);
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+
+	ghcb_set_rcx(ghcb, regs->cx);
+	if (write) {
+		ghcb_set_rax(ghcb, regs->ax);
+		ghcb_set_rdx(ghcb, regs->dx);
+	}
+
+	ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_MSR, write, 0);
+
+	if ((ret == ES_OK) && !write) {
+		regs->ax = ghcb->save.rax;
+		regs->dx = ghcb->save.rdx;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void __init vc_early_forward_exception(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	int trapnr = ctxt->fi.vector;
+
+	if (trapnr == X86_TRAP_PF)
+		native_write_cr2(ctxt->fi.cr2);
+
+	ctxt->regs->orig_ax = ctxt->fi.error_code;
+	do_early_exception(ctxt->regs, trapnr);
+}
+
+static long *vc_insn_get_rm(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	long *reg_array;
+	int offset;
+
+	reg_array = (long *)ctxt->regs;
+	offset    = insn_get_modrm_rm_off(&ctxt->insn, ctxt->regs);
+
+	if (offset < 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	offset /= sizeof(long);
+
+	return reg_array + offset;
+}
+static enum es_result vc_do_mmio(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+				 unsigned int bytes, bool read)
+{
+	u64 exit_code, exit_info_1, exit_info_2;
+	unsigned long ghcb_pa = __pa(ghcb);
+	enum es_result res;
+	phys_addr_t paddr;
+	void __user *ref;
+
+	ref = insn_get_addr_ref(&ctxt->insn, ctxt->regs);
+	if (ref == (void __user *)-1L)
+		return ES_UNSUPPORTED;
+
+	exit_code = read ? SVM_VMGEXIT_MMIO_READ : SVM_VMGEXIT_MMIO_WRITE;
+
+	res = vc_slow_virt_to_phys(ghcb, ctxt, (unsigned long)ref, &paddr);
+	if (res != ES_OK) {
+		if (res == ES_EXCEPTION && !read)
+			ctxt->fi.error_code |= X86_PF_WRITE;
+
+		return res;
+	}
+
+	exit_info_1 = paddr;
+	/* Can never be greater than 8 */
+	exit_info_2 = bytes;
+
+	ghcb_set_sw_scratch(ghcb, ghcb_pa + offsetof(struct ghcb, shared_buffer));
+
+	return sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, exit_code, exit_info_1, exit_info_2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The MOVS instruction has two memory operands, which raises the
+ * problem that it is not known whether the access to the source or the
+ * destination caused the #VC exception (and hence whether an MMIO read
+ * or write operation needs to be emulated).
+ *
+ * Instead of playing games with walking page-tables and trying to guess
+ * whether the source or destination is an MMIO range, split the move
+ * into two operations, a read and a write with only one memory operand.
+ * This will cause a nested #VC exception on the MMIO address which can
+ * then be handled.
+ *
+ * This implementation has the benefit that it also supports MOVS where
+ * source _and_ destination are MMIO regions.
+ *
+ * It will slow MOVS on MMIO down a lot, but in SEV-ES guests it is a
+ * rare operation. If it turns out to be a performance problem the split
+ * operations can be moved to memcpy_fromio() and memcpy_toio().
+ */
+static enum es_result vc_handle_mmio_movs(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+					  unsigned int bytes)
+{
+	unsigned long ds_base, es_base;
+	unsigned char *src, *dst;
+	unsigned char buffer[8];
+	enum es_result ret;
+	bool rep;
+	int off;
+
+	ds_base = insn_get_seg_base(ctxt->regs, INAT_SEG_REG_DS);
+	es_base = insn_get_seg_base(ctxt->regs, INAT_SEG_REG_ES);
+
+	if (ds_base == -1L || es_base == -1L) {
+		ctxt->fi.vector = X86_TRAP_GP;
+		ctxt->fi.error_code = 0;
+		return ES_EXCEPTION;
+	}
+
+	src = ds_base + (unsigned char *)ctxt->regs->si;
+	dst = es_base + (unsigned char *)ctxt->regs->di;
+
+	ret = vc_read_mem(ctxt, src, buffer, bytes);
+	if (ret != ES_OK)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = vc_write_mem(ctxt, dst, buffer, bytes);
+	if (ret != ES_OK)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (ctxt->regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_DF)
+		off = -bytes;
+	else
+		off =  bytes;
+
+	ctxt->regs->si += off;
+	ctxt->regs->di += off;
+
+	rep = insn_has_rep_prefix(&ctxt->insn);
+	if (rep)
+		ctxt->regs->cx -= 1;
+
+	if (!rep || ctxt->regs->cx == 0)
+		return ES_OK;
+	else
+		return ES_RETRY;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_handle_mmio(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	struct insn *insn = &ctxt->insn;
+	enum insn_mmio_type mmio;
+	unsigned int bytes = 0;
+	enum es_result ret;
+	u8 sign_byte;
+	long *reg_data;
+
+	mmio = insn_decode_mmio(insn, &bytes);
+	if (mmio == INSN_MMIO_DECODE_FAILED)
+		return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
+
+	if (mmio != INSN_MMIO_WRITE_IMM && mmio != INSN_MMIO_MOVS) {
+		reg_data = insn_get_modrm_reg_ptr(insn, ctxt->regs);
+		if (!reg_data)
+			return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
+	}
+
+	if (user_mode(ctxt->regs))
+		return ES_UNSUPPORTED;
+
+	switch (mmio) {
+	case INSN_MMIO_WRITE:
+		memcpy(ghcb->shared_buffer, reg_data, bytes);
+		ret = vc_do_mmio(ghcb, ctxt, bytes, false);
+		break;
+	case INSN_MMIO_WRITE_IMM:
+		memcpy(ghcb->shared_buffer, insn->immediate1.bytes, bytes);
+		ret = vc_do_mmio(ghcb, ctxt, bytes, false);
+		break;
+	case INSN_MMIO_READ:
+		ret = vc_do_mmio(ghcb, ctxt, bytes, true);
+		if (ret)
+			break;
+
+		/* Zero-extend for 32-bit operation */
+		if (bytes == 4)
+			*reg_data = 0;
+
+		memcpy(reg_data, ghcb->shared_buffer, bytes);
+		break;
+	case INSN_MMIO_READ_ZERO_EXTEND:
+		ret = vc_do_mmio(ghcb, ctxt, bytes, true);
+		if (ret)
+			break;
+
+		/* Zero extend based on operand size */
+		memset(reg_data, 0, insn->opnd_bytes);
+		memcpy(reg_data, ghcb->shared_buffer, bytes);
+		break;
+	case INSN_MMIO_READ_SIGN_EXTEND:
+		ret = vc_do_mmio(ghcb, ctxt, bytes, true);
+		if (ret)
+			break;
+
+		if (bytes == 1) {
+			u8 *val = (u8 *)ghcb->shared_buffer;
+
+			sign_byte = (*val & 0x80) ? 0xff : 0x00;
+		} else {
+			u16 *val = (u16 *)ghcb->shared_buffer;
+
+			sign_byte = (*val & 0x8000) ? 0xff : 0x00;
+		}
+
+		/* Sign extend based on operand size */
+		memset(reg_data, sign_byte, insn->opnd_bytes);
+		memcpy(reg_data, ghcb->shared_buffer, bytes);
+		break;
+	case INSN_MMIO_MOVS:
+		ret = vc_handle_mmio_movs(ctxt, bytes);
+		break;
+	default:
+		ret = ES_UNSUPPORTED;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_handle_dr7_write(struct ghcb *ghcb,
+					  struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	struct sev_es_runtime_data *data = this_cpu_read(runtime_data);
+	long val, *reg = vc_insn_get_rm(ctxt);
+	enum es_result ret;
+
+	if (sev_status & MSR_AMD64_SNP_DEBUG_SWAP)
+		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
+
+	if (!reg)
+		return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
+
+	val = *reg;
+
+	/* Upper 32 bits must be written as zeroes */
+	if (val >> 32) {
+		ctxt->fi.vector = X86_TRAP_GP;
+		ctxt->fi.error_code = 0;
+		return ES_EXCEPTION;
+	}
+
+	/* Clear out other reserved bits and set bit 10 */
+	val = (val & 0xffff23ffL) | BIT(10);
+
+	/* Early non-zero writes to DR7 are not supported */
+	if (!data && (val & ~DR7_RESET_VALUE))
+		return ES_UNSUPPORTED;
+
+	/* Using a value of 0 for ExitInfo1 means RAX holds the value */
+	ghcb_set_rax(ghcb, val);
+	ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_WRITE_DR7, 0, 0);
+	if (ret != ES_OK)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (data)
+		data->dr7 = val;
+
+	return ES_OK;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_handle_dr7_read(struct ghcb *ghcb,
+					 struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	struct sev_es_runtime_data *data = this_cpu_read(runtime_data);
+	long *reg = vc_insn_get_rm(ctxt);
+
+	if (sev_status & MSR_AMD64_SNP_DEBUG_SWAP)
+		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
+
+	if (!reg)
+		return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
+
+	if (data)
+		*reg = data->dr7;
+	else
+		*reg = DR7_RESET_VALUE;
+
+	return ES_OK;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_handle_wbinvd(struct ghcb *ghcb,
+				       struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	return sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_WBINVD, 0, 0);
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_handle_rdpmc(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	enum es_result ret;
+
+	ghcb_set_rcx(ghcb, ctxt->regs->cx);
+
+	ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_RDPMC, 0, 0);
+	if (ret != ES_OK)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (!(ghcb_rax_is_valid(ghcb) && ghcb_rdx_is_valid(ghcb)))
+		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
+
+	ctxt->regs->ax = ghcb->save.rax;
+	ctxt->regs->dx = ghcb->save.rdx;
+
+	return ES_OK;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_handle_monitor(struct ghcb *ghcb,
+					struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Treat it as a NOP and do not leak a physical address to the
+	 * hypervisor.
+	 */
+	return ES_OK;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_handle_mwait(struct ghcb *ghcb,
+				      struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	/* Treat the same as MONITOR/MONITORX */
+	return ES_OK;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_handle_vmmcall(struct ghcb *ghcb,
+					struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	enum es_result ret;
+
+	ghcb_set_rax(ghcb, ctxt->regs->ax);
+	ghcb_set_cpl(ghcb, user_mode(ctxt->regs) ? 3 : 0);
+
+	if (x86_platform.hyper.sev_es_hcall_prepare)
+		x86_platform.hyper.sev_es_hcall_prepare(ghcb, ctxt->regs);
+
+	ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_VMMCALL, 0, 0);
+	if (ret != ES_OK)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (!ghcb_rax_is_valid(ghcb))
+		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
+
+	ctxt->regs->ax = ghcb->save.rax;
+
+	/*
+	 * Call sev_es_hcall_finish() after regs->ax is already set.
+	 * This allows the hypervisor handler to overwrite it again if
+	 * necessary.
+	 */
+	if (x86_platform.hyper.sev_es_hcall_finish &&
+	    !x86_platform.hyper.sev_es_hcall_finish(ghcb, ctxt->regs))
+		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
+
+	return ES_OK;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_handle_trap_ac(struct ghcb *ghcb,
+					struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Calling ecx_alignment_check() directly does not work, because it
+	 * enables IRQs and the GHCB is active. Forward the exception and call
+	 * it later from vc_forward_exception().
+	 */
+	ctxt->fi.vector = X86_TRAP_AC;
+	ctxt->fi.error_code = 0;
+	return ES_EXCEPTION;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_handle_exitcode(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+					 struct ghcb *ghcb,
+					 unsigned long exit_code)
+{
+	enum es_result result = vc_check_opcode_bytes(ctxt, exit_code);
+
+	if (result != ES_OK)
+		return result;
+
+	switch (exit_code) {
+	case SVM_EXIT_READ_DR7:
+		result = vc_handle_dr7_read(ghcb, ctxt);
+		break;
+	case SVM_EXIT_WRITE_DR7:
+		result = vc_handle_dr7_write(ghcb, ctxt);
+		break;
+	case SVM_EXIT_EXCP_BASE + X86_TRAP_AC:
+		result = vc_handle_trap_ac(ghcb, ctxt);
+		break;
+	case SVM_EXIT_RDTSC:
+	case SVM_EXIT_RDTSCP:
+		result = vc_handle_rdtsc(ghcb, ctxt, exit_code);
+		break;
+	case SVM_EXIT_RDPMC:
+		result = vc_handle_rdpmc(ghcb, ctxt);
+		break;
+	case SVM_EXIT_INVD:
+		pr_err_ratelimited("#VC exception for INVD??? Seriously???\n");
+		result = ES_UNSUPPORTED;
+		break;
+	case SVM_EXIT_CPUID:
+		result = vc_handle_cpuid(ghcb, ctxt);
+		break;
+	case SVM_EXIT_IOIO:
+		result = vc_handle_ioio(ghcb, ctxt);
+		break;
+	case SVM_EXIT_MSR:
+		result = vc_handle_msr(ghcb, ctxt);
+		break;
+	case SVM_EXIT_VMMCALL:
+		result = vc_handle_vmmcall(ghcb, ctxt);
+		break;
+	case SVM_EXIT_WBINVD:
+		result = vc_handle_wbinvd(ghcb, ctxt);
+		break;
+	case SVM_EXIT_MONITOR:
+		result = vc_handle_monitor(ghcb, ctxt);
+		break;
+	case SVM_EXIT_MWAIT:
+		result = vc_handle_mwait(ghcb, ctxt);
+		break;
+	case SVM_EXIT_NPF:
+		result = vc_handle_mmio(ghcb, ctxt);
+		break;
+	default:
+		/*
+		 * Unexpected #VC exception
+		 */
+		result = ES_UNSUPPORTED;
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+static __always_inline bool is_vc2_stack(unsigned long sp)
+{
+	return (sp >= __this_cpu_ist_bottom_va(VC2) && sp < __this_cpu_ist_top_va(VC2));
+}
+
+static __always_inline bool vc_from_invalid_context(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	unsigned long sp, prev_sp;
+
+	sp      = (unsigned long)regs;
+	prev_sp = regs->sp;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the code was already executing on the VC2 stack when the #VC
+	 * happened, let it proceed to the normal handling routine. This way the
+	 * code executing on the VC2 stack can cause #VC exceptions to get handled.
+	 */
+	return is_vc2_stack(sp) && !is_vc2_stack(prev_sp);
+}
+
+static bool vc_raw_handle_exception(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code)
+{
+	struct ghcb_state state;
+	struct es_em_ctxt ctxt;
+	enum es_result result;
+	struct ghcb *ghcb;
+	bool ret = true;
+
+	ghcb = __sev_get_ghcb(&state);
+
+	vc_ghcb_invalidate(ghcb);
+	result = vc_init_em_ctxt(&ctxt, regs, error_code);
+
+	if (result == ES_OK)
+		result = vc_handle_exitcode(&ctxt, ghcb, error_code);
+
+	__sev_put_ghcb(&state);
+
+	/* Done - now check the result */
+	switch (result) {
+	case ES_OK:
+		vc_finish_insn(&ctxt);
+		break;
+	case ES_UNSUPPORTED:
+		pr_err_ratelimited("Unsupported exit-code 0x%02lx in #VC exception (IP: 0x%lx)\n",
+				   error_code, regs->ip);
+		ret = false;
+		break;
+	case ES_VMM_ERROR:
+		pr_err_ratelimited("Failure in communication with VMM (exit-code 0x%02lx IP: 0x%lx)\n",
+				   error_code, regs->ip);
+		ret = false;
+		break;
+	case ES_DECODE_FAILED:
+		pr_err_ratelimited("Failed to decode instruction (exit-code 0x%02lx IP: 0x%lx)\n",
+				   error_code, regs->ip);
+		ret = false;
+		break;
+	case ES_EXCEPTION:
+		vc_forward_exception(&ctxt);
+		break;
+	case ES_RETRY:
+		/* Nothing to do */
+		break;
+	default:
+		pr_emerg("Unknown result in %s():%d\n", __func__, result);
+		/*
+		 * Emulating the instruction which caused the #VC exception
+		 * failed - can't continue so print debug information
+		 */
+		BUG();
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static __always_inline bool vc_is_db(unsigned long error_code)
+{
+	return error_code == SVM_EXIT_EXCP_BASE + X86_TRAP_DB;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Runtime #VC exception handler when raised from kernel mode. Runs in NMI mode
+ * and will panic when an error happens.
+ */
+DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_KERNEL(exc_vmm_communication)
+{
+	irqentry_state_t irq_state;
+
+	/*
+	 * With the current implementation it is always possible to switch to a
+	 * safe stack because #VC exceptions only happen at known places, like
+	 * intercepted instructions or accesses to MMIO areas/IO ports. They can
+	 * also happen with code instrumentation when the hypervisor intercepts
+	 * #DB, but the critical paths are forbidden to be instrumented, so #DB
+	 * exceptions currently also only happen in safe places.
+	 *
+	 * But keep this here in case the noinstr annotations are violated due
+	 * to bug elsewhere.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(vc_from_invalid_context(regs))) {
+		instrumentation_begin();
+		panic("Can't handle #VC exception from unsupported context\n");
+		instrumentation_end();
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Handle #DB before calling into !noinstr code to avoid recursive #DB.
+	 */
+	if (vc_is_db(error_code)) {
+		exc_debug(regs);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	irq_state = irqentry_nmi_enter(regs);
+
+	instrumentation_begin();
+
+	if (!vc_raw_handle_exception(regs, error_code)) {
+		/* Show some debug info */
+		show_regs(regs);
+
+		/* Ask hypervisor to sev_es_terminate */
+		sev_es_terminate(SEV_TERM_SET_GEN, GHCB_SEV_ES_GEN_REQ);
+
+		/* If that fails and we get here - just panic */
+		panic("Returned from Terminate-Request to Hypervisor\n");
+	}
+
+	instrumentation_end();
+	irqentry_nmi_exit(regs, irq_state);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Runtime #VC exception handler when raised from user mode. Runs in IRQ mode
+ * and will kill the current task with SIGBUS when an error happens.
+ */
+DEFINE_IDTENTRY_VC_USER(exc_vmm_communication)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Handle #DB before calling into !noinstr code to avoid recursive #DB.
+	 */
+	if (vc_is_db(error_code)) {
+		noist_exc_debug(regs);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	irqentry_enter_from_user_mode(regs);
+	instrumentation_begin();
+
+	if (!vc_raw_handle_exception(regs, error_code)) {
+		/*
+		 * Do not kill the machine if user-space triggered the
+		 * exception. Send SIGBUS instead and let user-space deal with
+		 * it.
+		 */
+		force_sig_fault(SIGBUS, BUS_OBJERR, (void __user *)0);
+	}
+
+	instrumentation_end();
+	irqentry_exit_to_user_mode(regs);
+}
+
+bool __init handle_vc_boot_ghcb(struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	unsigned long exit_code = regs->orig_ax;
+	struct es_em_ctxt ctxt;
+	enum es_result result;
+
+	vc_ghcb_invalidate(boot_ghcb);
+
+	result = vc_init_em_ctxt(&ctxt, regs, exit_code);
+	if (result == ES_OK)
+		result = vc_handle_exitcode(&ctxt, boot_ghcb, exit_code);
+
+	/* Done - now check the result */
+	switch (result) {
+	case ES_OK:
+		vc_finish_insn(&ctxt);
+		break;
+	case ES_UNSUPPORTED:
+		early_printk("PANIC: Unsupported exit-code 0x%02lx in early #VC exception (IP: 0x%lx)\n",
+				exit_code, regs->ip);
+		goto fail;
+	case ES_VMM_ERROR:
+		early_printk("PANIC: Failure in communication with VMM (exit-code 0x%02lx IP: 0x%lx)\n",
+				exit_code, regs->ip);
+		goto fail;
+	case ES_DECODE_FAILED:
+		early_printk("PANIC: Failed to decode instruction (exit-code 0x%02lx IP: 0x%lx)\n",
+				exit_code, regs->ip);
+		goto fail;
+	case ES_EXCEPTION:
+		vc_early_forward_exception(&ctxt);
+		break;
+	case ES_RETRY:
+		/* Nothing to do */
+		break;
+	default:
+		BUG();
+	}
+
+	return true;
+
+fail:
+	show_regs(regs);
+
+	sev_es_terminate(SEV_TERM_SET_GEN, GHCB_SEV_ES_GEN_REQ);
+}
+
diff --git a/arch/x86/coco/sev/vc-shared.c b/arch/x86/coco/sev/vc-shared.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c0ab0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/coco/sev/vc-shared.c
@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+static enum es_result vc_check_opcode_bytes(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+					    unsigned long exit_code)
+{
+	unsigned int opcode = (unsigned int)ctxt->insn.opcode.value;
+	u8 modrm = ctxt->insn.modrm.value;
+
+	switch (exit_code) {
+
+	case SVM_EXIT_IOIO:
+	case SVM_EXIT_NPF:
+		/* handled separately */
+		return ES_OK;
+
+	case SVM_EXIT_CPUID:
+		if (opcode == 0xa20f)
+			return ES_OK;
+		break;
+
+	case SVM_EXIT_INVD:
+		if (opcode == 0x080f)
+			return ES_OK;
+		break;
+
+	case SVM_EXIT_MONITOR:
+		/* MONITOR and MONITORX instructions generate the same error code */
+		if (opcode == 0x010f && (modrm == 0xc8 || modrm == 0xfa))
+			return ES_OK;
+		break;
+
+	case SVM_EXIT_MWAIT:
+		/* MWAIT and MWAITX instructions generate the same error code */
+		if (opcode == 0x010f && (modrm == 0xc9 || modrm == 0xfb))
+			return ES_OK;
+		break;
+
+	case SVM_EXIT_MSR:
+		/* RDMSR */
+		if (opcode == 0x320f ||
+		/* WRMSR */
+		    opcode == 0x300f)
+			return ES_OK;
+		break;
+
+	case SVM_EXIT_RDPMC:
+		if (opcode == 0x330f)
+			return ES_OK;
+		break;
+
+	case SVM_EXIT_RDTSC:
+		if (opcode == 0x310f)
+			return ES_OK;
+		break;
+
+	case SVM_EXIT_RDTSCP:
+		if (opcode == 0x010f && modrm == 0xf9)
+			return ES_OK;
+		break;
+
+	case SVM_EXIT_READ_DR7:
+		if (opcode == 0x210f &&
+		    X86_MODRM_REG(ctxt->insn.modrm.value) == 7)
+			return ES_OK;
+		break;
+
+	case SVM_EXIT_VMMCALL:
+		if (opcode == 0x010f && modrm == 0xd9)
+			return ES_OK;
+
+		break;
+
+	case SVM_EXIT_WRITE_DR7:
+		if (opcode == 0x230f &&
+		    X86_MODRM_REG(ctxt->insn.modrm.value) == 7)
+			return ES_OK;
+		break;
+
+	case SVM_EXIT_WBINVD:
+		if (opcode == 0x90f)
+			return ES_OK;
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+
+	sev_printk(KERN_ERR "Wrong/unhandled opcode bytes: 0x%x, exit_code: 0x%lx, rIP: 0x%lx\n",
+		   opcode, exit_code, ctxt->regs->ip);
+
+	return ES_UNSUPPORTED;
+}
+
+static bool vc_decoding_needed(unsigned long exit_code)
+{
+	/* Exceptions don't require to decode the instruction */
+	return !(exit_code >= SVM_EXIT_EXCP_BASE &&
+		 exit_code <= SVM_EXIT_LAST_EXCP);
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_init_em_ctxt(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+				      struct pt_regs *regs,
+				      unsigned long exit_code)
+{
+	enum es_result ret = ES_OK;
+
+	memset(ctxt, 0, sizeof(*ctxt));
+	ctxt->regs = regs;
+
+	if (vc_decoding_needed(exit_code))
+		ret = vc_decode_insn(ctxt);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void vc_finish_insn(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	ctxt->regs->ip += ctxt->insn.length;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_insn_string_check(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+					   unsigned long address,
+					   bool write)
+{
+	if (user_mode(ctxt->regs) && fault_in_kernel_space(address)) {
+		ctxt->fi.vector     = X86_TRAP_PF;
+		ctxt->fi.error_code = X86_PF_USER;
+		ctxt->fi.cr2        = address;
+		if (write)
+			ctxt->fi.error_code |= X86_PF_WRITE;
+
+		return ES_EXCEPTION;
+	}
+
+	return ES_OK;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_insn_string_read(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+					  void *src, char *buf,
+					  unsigned int data_size,
+					  unsigned int count,
+					  bool backwards)
+{
+	int i, b = backwards ? -1 : 1;
+	unsigned long address = (unsigned long)src;
+	enum es_result ret;
+
+	ret = vc_insn_string_check(ctxt, address, false);
+	if (ret != ES_OK)
+		return ret;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+		void *s = src + (i * data_size * b);
+		char *d = buf + (i * data_size);
+
+		ret = vc_read_mem(ctxt, s, d, data_size);
+		if (ret != ES_OK)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_insn_string_write(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+					   void *dst, char *buf,
+					   unsigned int data_size,
+					   unsigned int count,
+					   bool backwards)
+{
+	int i, s = backwards ? -1 : 1;
+	unsigned long address = (unsigned long)dst;
+	enum es_result ret;
+
+	ret = vc_insn_string_check(ctxt, address, true);
+	if (ret != ES_OK)
+		return ret;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+		void *d = dst + (i * data_size * s);
+		char *b = buf + (i * data_size);
+
+		ret = vc_write_mem(ctxt, d, b, data_size);
+		if (ret != ES_OK)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+#define IOIO_TYPE_STR  BIT(2)
+#define IOIO_TYPE_IN   1
+#define IOIO_TYPE_INS  (IOIO_TYPE_IN | IOIO_TYPE_STR)
+#define IOIO_TYPE_OUT  0
+#define IOIO_TYPE_OUTS (IOIO_TYPE_OUT | IOIO_TYPE_STR)
+
+#define IOIO_REP       BIT(3)
+
+#define IOIO_ADDR_64   BIT(9)
+#define IOIO_ADDR_32   BIT(8)
+#define IOIO_ADDR_16   BIT(7)
+
+#define IOIO_DATA_32   BIT(6)
+#define IOIO_DATA_16   BIT(5)
+#define IOIO_DATA_8    BIT(4)
+
+#define IOIO_SEG_ES    (0 << 10)
+#define IOIO_SEG_DS    (3 << 10)
+
+static enum es_result vc_ioio_exitinfo(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt, u64 *exitinfo)
+{
+	struct insn *insn = &ctxt->insn;
+	size_t size;
+	u64 port;
+
+	*exitinfo = 0;
+
+	switch (insn->opcode.bytes[0]) {
+	/* INS opcodes */
+	case 0x6c:
+	case 0x6d:
+		*exitinfo |= IOIO_TYPE_INS;
+		*exitinfo |= IOIO_SEG_ES;
+		port	   = ctxt->regs->dx & 0xffff;
+		break;
+
+	/* OUTS opcodes */
+	case 0x6e:
+	case 0x6f:
+		*exitinfo |= IOIO_TYPE_OUTS;
+		*exitinfo |= IOIO_SEG_DS;
+		port	   = ctxt->regs->dx & 0xffff;
+		break;
+
+	/* IN immediate opcodes */
+	case 0xe4:
+	case 0xe5:
+		*exitinfo |= IOIO_TYPE_IN;
+		port	   = (u8)insn->immediate.value & 0xffff;
+		break;
+
+	/* OUT immediate opcodes */
+	case 0xe6:
+	case 0xe7:
+		*exitinfo |= IOIO_TYPE_OUT;
+		port	   = (u8)insn->immediate.value & 0xffff;
+		break;
+
+	/* IN register opcodes */
+	case 0xec:
+	case 0xed:
+		*exitinfo |= IOIO_TYPE_IN;
+		port	   = ctxt->regs->dx & 0xffff;
+		break;
+
+	/* OUT register opcodes */
+	case 0xee:
+	case 0xef:
+		*exitinfo |= IOIO_TYPE_OUT;
+		port	   = ctxt->regs->dx & 0xffff;
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		return ES_DECODE_FAILED;
+	}
+
+	*exitinfo |= port << 16;
+
+	switch (insn->opcode.bytes[0]) {
+	case 0x6c:
+	case 0x6e:
+	case 0xe4:
+	case 0xe6:
+	case 0xec:
+	case 0xee:
+		/* Single byte opcodes */
+		*exitinfo |= IOIO_DATA_8;
+		size       = 1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* Length determined by instruction parsing */
+		*exitinfo |= (insn->opnd_bytes == 2) ? IOIO_DATA_16
+						     : IOIO_DATA_32;
+		size       = (insn->opnd_bytes == 2) ? 2 : 4;
+	}
+
+	switch (insn->addr_bytes) {
+	case 2:
+		*exitinfo |= IOIO_ADDR_16;
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		*exitinfo |= IOIO_ADDR_32;
+		break;
+	case 8:
+		*exitinfo |= IOIO_ADDR_64;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (insn_has_rep_prefix(insn))
+		*exitinfo |= IOIO_REP;
+
+	return vc_ioio_check(ctxt, (u16)port, size);
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_handle_ioio(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	struct pt_regs *regs = ctxt->regs;
+	u64 exit_info_1, exit_info_2;
+	enum es_result ret;
+
+	ret = vc_ioio_exitinfo(ctxt, &exit_info_1);
+	if (ret != ES_OK)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (exit_info_1 & IOIO_TYPE_STR) {
+
+		/* (REP) INS/OUTS */
+
+		bool df = ((regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_DF) == X86_EFLAGS_DF);
+		unsigned int io_bytes, exit_bytes;
+		unsigned int ghcb_count, op_count;
+		unsigned long es_base;
+		u64 sw_scratch;
+
+		/*
+		 * For the string variants with rep prefix the amount of in/out
+		 * operations per #VC exception is limited so that the kernel
+		 * has a chance to take interrupts and re-schedule while the
+		 * instruction is emulated.
+		 */
+		io_bytes   = (exit_info_1 >> 4) & 0x7;
+		ghcb_count = sizeof(ghcb->shared_buffer) / io_bytes;
+
+		op_count    = (exit_info_1 & IOIO_REP) ? regs->cx : 1;
+		exit_info_2 = min(op_count, ghcb_count);
+		exit_bytes  = exit_info_2 * io_bytes;
+
+		es_base = insn_get_seg_base(ctxt->regs, INAT_SEG_REG_ES);
+
+		/* Read bytes of OUTS into the shared buffer */
+		if (!(exit_info_1 & IOIO_TYPE_IN)) {
+			ret = vc_insn_string_read(ctxt,
+					       (void *)(es_base + regs->si),
+					       ghcb->shared_buffer, io_bytes,
+					       exit_info_2, df);
+			if (ret)
+				return ret;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Issue an VMGEXIT to the HV to consume the bytes from the
+		 * shared buffer or to have it write them into the shared buffer
+		 * depending on the instruction: OUTS or INS.
+		 */
+		sw_scratch = __pa(ghcb) + offsetof(struct ghcb, shared_buffer);
+		ghcb_set_sw_scratch(ghcb, sw_scratch);
+		ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_IOIO,
+					  exit_info_1, exit_info_2);
+		if (ret != ES_OK)
+			return ret;
+
+		/* Read bytes from shared buffer into the guest's destination. */
+		if (exit_info_1 & IOIO_TYPE_IN) {
+			ret = vc_insn_string_write(ctxt,
+						   (void *)(es_base + regs->di),
+						   ghcb->shared_buffer, io_bytes,
+						   exit_info_2, df);
+			if (ret)
+				return ret;
+
+			if (df)
+				regs->di -= exit_bytes;
+			else
+				regs->di += exit_bytes;
+		} else {
+			if (df)
+				regs->si -= exit_bytes;
+			else
+				regs->si += exit_bytes;
+		}
+
+		if (exit_info_1 & IOIO_REP)
+			regs->cx -= exit_info_2;
+
+		ret = regs->cx ? ES_RETRY : ES_OK;
+
+	} else {
+
+		/* IN/OUT into/from rAX */
+
+		int bits = (exit_info_1 & 0x70) >> 1;
+		u64 rax = 0;
+
+		if (!(exit_info_1 & IOIO_TYPE_IN))
+			rax = lower_bits(regs->ax, bits);
+
+		ghcb_set_rax(ghcb, rax);
+
+		ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_IOIO, exit_info_1, 0);
+		if (ret != ES_OK)
+			return ret;
+
+		if (exit_info_1 & IOIO_TYPE_IN) {
+			if (!ghcb_rax_is_valid(ghcb))
+				return ES_VMM_ERROR;
+			regs->ax = lower_bits(ghcb->save.rax, bits);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int vc_handle_cpuid_snp(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	struct pt_regs *regs = ctxt->regs;
+	struct cpuid_leaf leaf;
+	int ret;
+
+	leaf.fn = regs->ax;
+	leaf.subfn = regs->cx;
+	ret = snp_cpuid(ghcb, ctxt, &leaf);
+	if (!ret) {
+		regs->ax = leaf.eax;
+		regs->bx = leaf.ebx;
+		regs->cx = leaf.ecx;
+		regs->dx = leaf.edx;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_handle_cpuid(struct ghcb *ghcb,
+				      struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt)
+{
+	struct pt_regs *regs = ctxt->regs;
+	u32 cr4 = native_read_cr4();
+	enum es_result ret;
+	int snp_cpuid_ret;
+
+	snp_cpuid_ret = vc_handle_cpuid_snp(ghcb, ctxt);
+	if (!snp_cpuid_ret)
+		return ES_OK;
+	if (snp_cpuid_ret != -EOPNOTSUPP)
+		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
+
+	ghcb_set_rax(ghcb, regs->ax);
+	ghcb_set_rcx(ghcb, regs->cx);
+
+	if (cr4 & X86_CR4_OSXSAVE)
+		/* Safe to read xcr0 */
+		ghcb_set_xcr0(ghcb, xgetbv(XCR_XFEATURE_ENABLED_MASK));
+	else
+		/* xgetbv will cause #GP - use reset value for xcr0 */
+		ghcb_set_xcr0(ghcb, 1);
+
+	ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, SVM_EXIT_CPUID, 0, 0);
+	if (ret != ES_OK)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (!(ghcb_rax_is_valid(ghcb) &&
+	      ghcb_rbx_is_valid(ghcb) &&
+	      ghcb_rcx_is_valid(ghcb) &&
+	      ghcb_rdx_is_valid(ghcb)))
+		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
+
+	regs->ax = ghcb->save.rax;
+	regs->bx = ghcb->save.rbx;
+	regs->cx = ghcb->save.rcx;
+	regs->dx = ghcb->save.rdx;
+
+	return ES_OK;
+}
+
+static enum es_result vc_handle_rdtsc(struct ghcb *ghcb,
+				      struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+				      unsigned long exit_code)
+{
+	bool rdtscp = (exit_code == SVM_EXIT_RDTSCP);
+	enum es_result ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * The hypervisor should not be intercepting RDTSC/RDTSCP when Secure
+	 * TSC is enabled. A #VC exception will be generated if the RDTSC/RDTSCP
+	 * instructions are being intercepted. If this should occur and Secure
+	 * TSC is enabled, guest execution should be terminated as the guest
+	 * cannot rely on the TSC value provided by the hypervisor.
+	 */
+	if (sev_status & MSR_AMD64_SNP_SECURE_TSC)
+		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
+
+	ret = sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(ghcb, ctxt, exit_code, 0, 0);
+	if (ret != ES_OK)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (!(ghcb_rax_is_valid(ghcb) && ghcb_rdx_is_valid(ghcb) &&
+	     (!rdtscp || ghcb_rcx_is_valid(ghcb))))
+		return ES_VMM_ERROR;
+
+	ctxt->regs->ax = ghcb->save.rax;
+	ctxt->regs->dx = ghcb->save.rdx;
+	if (rdtscp)
+		ctxt->regs->cx = ghcb->save.rcx;
+
+	return ES_OK;
+}
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/sev-internal.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/sev-internal.h
index a78f972..b723208 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/sev-internal.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/sev-internal.h
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #define DR7_RESET_VALUE        0x400
 
 extern struct ghcb boot_ghcb_page;
-extern struct ghcb *boot_ghcb;
 extern u64 sev_hv_features;
 extern u64 sev_secrets_pa;
 
@@ -59,8 +58,6 @@ DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct sev_es_save_area *, sev_vmsa);
 void early_set_pages_state(unsigned long vaddr, unsigned long paddr,
 			   unsigned long npages, enum psc_op op);
 
-void __noreturn sev_es_terminate(unsigned int set, unsigned int reason);
-
 DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct svsm_ca *, svsm_caa);
 DECLARE_PER_CPU(u64, svsm_caa_pa);
 
@@ -100,11 +97,6 @@ static __always_inline void sev_es_wr_ghcb_msr(u64 val)
 	native_wrmsr(MSR_AMD64_SEV_ES_GHCB, low, high);
 }
 
-enum es_result sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(struct ghcb *ghcb,
-				   struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
-				   u64 exit_code, u64 exit_info_1,
-				   u64 exit_info_2);
-
 void snp_register_ghcb_early(unsigned long paddr);
 bool sev_es_negotiate_protocol(void);
 bool sev_es_check_cpu_features(void);
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/sev.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/sev.h
index a8661df..6158893 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/sev.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/sev.h
@@ -521,6 +521,28 @@ static __always_inline void vc_ghcb_invalidate(struct ghcb *ghcb)
 	__builtin_memset(ghcb->save.valid_bitmap, 0, sizeof(ghcb->save.valid_bitmap));
 }
 
+void vc_forward_exception(struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt);
+
+/* I/O parameters for CPUID-related helpers */
+struct cpuid_leaf {
+	u32 fn;
+	u32 subfn;
+	u32 eax;
+	u32 ebx;
+	u32 ecx;
+	u32 edx;
+};
+
+int snp_cpuid(struct ghcb *ghcb, struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt, struct cpuid_leaf *leaf);
+
+void __noreturn sev_es_terminate(unsigned int set, unsigned int reason);
+enum es_result sev_es_ghcb_hv_call(struct ghcb *ghcb,
+				   struct es_em_ctxt *ctxt,
+				   u64 exit_code, u64 exit_info_1,
+				   u64 exit_info_2);
+
+extern struct ghcb *boot_ghcb;
+
 #else	/* !CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT */
 
 #define snp_vmpl 0
