diff --git a/include/linux/skbuff_ref.h b/include/linux/skbuff_ref.h
index 11f0a40634033..16c241a234728 100644
--- a/include/linux/skbuff_ref.h
+++ b/include/linux/skbuff_ref.h
@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ static inline void skb_frag_ref(struct sk_buff *skb, int f)
 	__skb_frag_ref(&skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[f]);
 }
 
-bool napi_pp_put_page(struct page *page);
+bool napi_pp_put_page(netmem_ref netmem);
 
 static inline void
 skb_page_unref(struct page *page, bool recycle)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_POOL
-	if (recycle && napi_pp_put_page(page))
+	if (recycle && napi_pp_put_page(page_to_netmem(page)))
 		return;
 #endif
 	put_page(page);
diff --git a/include/net/netmem.h b/include/net/netmem.h
index 01dbdd216fae7..664df8325ece5 100644
--- a/include/net/netmem.h
+++ b/include/net/netmem.h
@@ -66,4 +66,19 @@ static inline netmem_ref page_to_netmem(struct page *page)
 	return (__force netmem_ref)page;
 }
 
+static inline int netmem_ref_count(netmem_ref netmem)
+{
+	return page_ref_count(netmem_to_page(netmem));
+}
+
+static inline unsigned long netmem_to_pfn(netmem_ref netmem)
+{
+	return page_to_pfn(netmem_to_page(netmem));
+}
+
+static inline netmem_ref netmem_compound_head(netmem_ref netmem)
+{
+	return page_to_netmem(compound_head(netmem_to_page(netmem)));
+}
+
 #endif /* _NET_NETMEM_H */
diff --git a/include/net/page_pool/helpers.h b/include/net/page_pool/helpers.h
index 873631c79ab16..2b43a893c619d 100644
--- a/include/net/page_pool/helpers.h
+++ b/include/net/page_pool/helpers.h
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@
 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
 
 #include <net/page_pool/types.h>
+#include <net/net_debug.h>
+#include <net/netmem.h>
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_POOL_STATS
 /* Deprecated driver-facing API, use netlink instead */
@@ -212,6 +214,11 @@ page_pool_get_dma_dir(const struct page_pool *pool)
 	return pool->p.dma_dir;
 }
 
+static inline void page_pool_fragment_netmem(netmem_ref netmem, long nr)
+{
+	atomic_long_set(&netmem_to_page(netmem)->pp_ref_count, nr);
+}
+
 /**
  * page_pool_fragment_page() - split a fresh page into fragments
  * @page:	page to split
@@ -232,11 +239,12 @@ page_pool_get_dma_dir(const struct page_pool *pool)
  */
 static inline void page_pool_fragment_page(struct page *page, long nr)
 {
-	atomic_long_set(&page->pp_ref_count, nr);
+	page_pool_fragment_netmem(page_to_netmem(page), nr);
 }
 
-static inline long page_pool_unref_page(struct page *page, long nr)
+static inline long page_pool_unref_netmem(netmem_ref netmem, long nr)
 {
+	struct page *page = netmem_to_page(netmem);
 	long ret;
 
 	/* If nr == pp_ref_count then we have cleared all remaining
@@ -279,15 +287,41 @@ static inline long page_pool_unref_page(struct page *page, long nr)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static inline long page_pool_unref_page(struct page *page, long nr)
+{
+	return page_pool_unref_netmem(page_to_netmem(page), nr);
+}
+
+static inline void page_pool_ref_netmem(netmem_ref netmem)
+{
+	atomic_long_inc(&netmem_to_page(netmem)->pp_ref_count);
+}
+
 static inline void page_pool_ref_page(struct page *page)
 {
-	atomic_long_inc(&page->pp_ref_count);
+	page_pool_ref_netmem(page_to_netmem(page));
 }
 
-static inline bool page_pool_is_last_ref(struct page *page)
+static inline bool page_pool_is_last_ref(netmem_ref netmem)
 {
 	/* If page_pool_unref_page() returns 0, we were the last user */
-	return page_pool_unref_page(page, 1) == 0;
+	return page_pool_unref_netmem(netmem, 1) == 0;
+}
+
+static inline void page_pool_put_netmem(struct page_pool *pool,
+					netmem_ref netmem,
+					unsigned int dma_sync_size,
+					bool allow_direct)
+{
+	/* When page_pool isn't compiled-in, net/core/xdp.c doesn't
+	 * allow registering MEM_TYPE_PAGE_POOL, but shield linker.
+	 */
+#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_POOL
+	if (!page_pool_is_last_ref(netmem))
+		return;
+
+	page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem(pool, netmem, dma_sync_size, allow_direct);
+#endif
 }
 
 /**
@@ -308,15 +342,15 @@ static inline void page_pool_put_page(struct page_pool *pool,
 				      unsigned int dma_sync_size,
 				      bool allow_direct)
 {
-	/* When page_pool isn't compiled-in, net/core/xdp.c doesn't
-	 * allow registering MEM_TYPE_PAGE_POOL, but shield linker.
-	 */
-#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_POOL
-	if (!page_pool_is_last_ref(page))
-		return;
+	page_pool_put_netmem(pool, page_to_netmem(page), dma_sync_size,
+			     allow_direct);
+}
 
-	page_pool_put_unrefed_page(pool, page, dma_sync_size, allow_direct);
-#endif
+static inline void page_pool_put_full_netmem(struct page_pool *pool,
+					     netmem_ref netmem,
+					     bool allow_direct)
+{
+	page_pool_put_netmem(pool, netmem, -1, allow_direct);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -331,7 +365,7 @@ static inline void page_pool_put_page(struct page_pool *pool,
 static inline void page_pool_put_full_page(struct page_pool *pool,
 					   struct page *page, bool allow_direct)
 {
-	page_pool_put_page(pool, page, -1, allow_direct);
+	page_pool_put_netmem(pool, page_to_netmem(page), -1, allow_direct);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -365,6 +399,18 @@ static inline void page_pool_free_va(struct page_pool *pool, void *va,
 	page_pool_put_page(pool, virt_to_head_page(va), -1, allow_direct);
 }
 
+static inline dma_addr_t page_pool_get_dma_addr_netmem(netmem_ref netmem)
+{
+	struct page *page = netmem_to_page(netmem);
+
+	dma_addr_t ret = page->dma_addr;
+
+	if (PAGE_POOL_32BIT_ARCH_WITH_64BIT_DMA)
+		ret <<= PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 /**
  * page_pool_get_dma_addr() - Retrieve the stored DMA address.
  * @page:	page allocated from a page pool
@@ -374,16 +420,14 @@ static inline void page_pool_free_va(struct page_pool *pool, void *va,
  */
 static inline dma_addr_t page_pool_get_dma_addr(const struct page *page)
 {
-	dma_addr_t ret = page->dma_addr;
-
-	if (PAGE_POOL_32BIT_ARCH_WITH_64BIT_DMA)
-		ret <<= PAGE_SHIFT;
-
-	return ret;
+	return page_pool_get_dma_addr_netmem(page_to_netmem((struct page *)page));
 }
 
-static inline bool page_pool_set_dma_addr(struct page *page, dma_addr_t addr)
+static inline bool page_pool_set_dma_addr_netmem(netmem_ref netmem,
+						 dma_addr_t addr)
 {
+	struct page *page = netmem_to_page(netmem);
+
 	if (PAGE_POOL_32BIT_ARCH_WITH_64BIT_DMA) {
 		page->dma_addr = addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 
@@ -419,6 +463,11 @@ static inline void page_pool_dma_sync_for_cpu(const struct page_pool *pool,
 				      page_pool_get_dma_dir(pool));
 }
 
+static inline bool page_pool_set_dma_addr(struct page *page, dma_addr_t addr)
+{
+	return page_pool_set_dma_addr_netmem(page_to_netmem(page), addr);
+}
+
 static inline bool page_pool_put(struct page_pool *pool)
 {
 	return refcount_dec_and_test(&pool->user_cnt);
diff --git a/include/net/page_pool/types.h b/include/net/page_pool/types.h
index 9f3c3ee2ee755..0693117f8d74f 100644
--- a/include/net/page_pool/types.h
+++ b/include/net/page_pool/types.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <linux/dma-direction.h>
 #include <linux/ptr_ring.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
+#include <net/netmem.h>
 
 #define PP_FLAG_DMA_MAP		BIT(0) /* Should page_pool do the DMA
 					* map/unmap
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@
 #define PP_ALLOC_CACHE_REFILL	64
 struct pp_alloc_cache {
 	u32 count;
-	struct page *cache[PP_ALLOC_CACHE_SIZE];
+	netmem_ref cache[PP_ALLOC_CACHE_SIZE];
 };
 
 /**
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ struct page_pool_params {
 		struct net_device *netdev;
 		unsigned int	flags;
 /* private: used by test code only */
-		void (*init_callback)(struct page *page, void *arg);
+		void (*init_callback)(netmem_ref netmem, void *arg);
 		void *init_arg;
 	);
 };
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ struct page_pool {
 	 */
 	__cacheline_group_begin(frag) __aligned(4 * sizeof(long));
 	long frag_users;
-	struct page *frag_page;
+	netmem_ref frag_page;
 	unsigned int frag_offset;
 	__cacheline_group_end(frag);
 
@@ -226,8 +227,12 @@ struct page_pool {
 };
 
 struct page *page_pool_alloc_pages(struct page_pool *pool, gfp_t gfp);
+netmem_ref page_pool_alloc_netmem(struct page_pool *pool, gfp_t gfp);
 struct page *page_pool_alloc_frag(struct page_pool *pool, unsigned int *offset,
 				  unsigned int size, gfp_t gfp);
+netmem_ref page_pool_alloc_frag_netmem(struct page_pool *pool,
+				       unsigned int *offset, unsigned int size,
+				       gfp_t gfp);
 struct page_pool *page_pool_create(const struct page_pool_params *params);
 struct page_pool *page_pool_create_percpu(const struct page_pool_params *params,
 					  int cpuid);
@@ -257,6 +262,9 @@ static inline void page_pool_put_page_bulk(struct page_pool *pool, void **data,
 }
 #endif
 
+void page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem,
+				  unsigned int dma_sync_size,
+				  bool allow_direct);
 void page_pool_put_unrefed_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page,
 				unsigned int dma_sync_size,
 				bool allow_direct);
diff --git a/include/trace/events/page_pool.h b/include/trace/events/page_pool.h
index 6834356b2d2ae..543e54e432a18 100644
--- a/include/trace/events/page_pool.h
+++ b/include/trace/events/page_pool.h
@@ -42,51 +42,53 @@ TRACE_EVENT(page_pool_release,
 TRACE_EVENT(page_pool_state_release,
 
 	TP_PROTO(const struct page_pool *pool,
-		 const struct page *page, u32 release),
+		 netmem_ref netmem, u32 release),
 
-	TP_ARGS(pool, page, release),
+	TP_ARGS(pool, netmem, release),
 
 	TP_STRUCT__entry(
 		__field(const struct page_pool *,	pool)
-		__field(const struct page *,		page)
+		__field(unsigned long,			netmem)
 		__field(u32,				release)
 		__field(unsigned long,			pfn)
 	),
 
 	TP_fast_assign(
 		__entry->pool		= pool;
-		__entry->page		= page;
+		__entry->netmem		= (__force unsigned long)netmem;
 		__entry->release	= release;
-		__entry->pfn		= page_to_pfn(page);
+		__entry->pfn		= netmem_to_pfn(netmem);
 	),
 
-	TP_printk("page_pool=%p page=%p pfn=0x%lx release=%u",
-		  __entry->pool, __entry->page, __entry->pfn, __entry->release)
+	TP_printk("page_pool=%p netmem=%p pfn=0x%lx release=%u",
+		  __entry->pool, (void *)__entry->netmem,
+		  __entry->pfn, __entry->release)
 );
 
 TRACE_EVENT(page_pool_state_hold,
 
 	TP_PROTO(const struct page_pool *pool,
-		 const struct page *page, u32 hold),
+		 netmem_ref netmem, u32 hold),
 
-	TP_ARGS(pool, page, hold),
+	TP_ARGS(pool, netmem, hold),
 
 	TP_STRUCT__entry(
 		__field(const struct page_pool *,	pool)
-		__field(const struct page *,		page)
+		__field(unsigned long,			netmem)
 		__field(u32,				hold)
 		__field(unsigned long,			pfn)
 	),
 
 	TP_fast_assign(
 		__entry->pool	= pool;
-		__entry->page	= page;
+		__entry->netmem	= (__force unsigned long)netmem;
 		__entry->hold	= hold;
-		__entry->pfn	= page_to_pfn(page);
+		__entry->pfn	= netmem_to_pfn(netmem);
 	),
 
-	TP_printk("page_pool=%p page=%p pfn=0x%lx hold=%u",
-		  __entry->pool, __entry->page, __entry->pfn, __entry->hold)
+	TP_printk("page_pool=%p netmem=%p pfn=0x%lx hold=%u",
+		  __entry->pool, (void *)__entry->netmem,
+		  __entry->pfn, __entry->hold)
 );
 
 TRACE_EVENT(page_pool_update_nid,
diff --git a/net/bpf/test_run.c b/net/bpf/test_run.c
index a6d7f790cdda8..26417ab34ff49 100644
--- a/net/bpf/test_run.c
+++ b/net/bpf/test_run.c
@@ -127,9 +127,10 @@ struct xdp_test_data {
 #define TEST_XDP_FRAME_SIZE (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(struct xdp_page_head))
 #define TEST_XDP_MAX_BATCH 256
 
-static void xdp_test_run_init_page(struct page *page, void *arg)
+static void xdp_test_run_init_page(netmem_ref netmem, void *arg)
 {
-	struct xdp_page_head *head = phys_to_virt(page_to_phys(page));
+	struct xdp_page_head *head =
+		phys_to_virt(page_to_phys(netmem_to_page(netmem)));
 	struct xdp_buff *new_ctx, *orig_ctx;
 	u32 headroom = XDP_PACKET_HEADROOM;
 	struct xdp_test_data *xdp = arg;
diff --git a/net/core/page_pool.c b/net/core/page_pool.c
index 3927a0a7fa9a8..a5957d3359762 100644
--- a/net/core/page_pool.c
+++ b/net/core/page_pool.c
@@ -327,19 +327,18 @@ struct page_pool *page_pool_create(const struct page_pool_params *params)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_create);
 
-static void page_pool_return_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page);
+static void page_pool_return_page(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem);
 
-noinline
-static struct page *page_pool_refill_alloc_cache(struct page_pool *pool)
+static noinline netmem_ref page_pool_refill_alloc_cache(struct page_pool *pool)
 {
 	struct ptr_ring *r = &pool->ring;
-	struct page *page;
+	netmem_ref netmem;
 	int pref_nid; /* preferred NUMA node */
 
 	/* Quicker fallback, avoid locks when ring is empty */
 	if (__ptr_ring_empty(r)) {
 		alloc_stat_inc(pool, empty);
-		return NULL;
+		return 0;
 	}
 
 	/* Softirq guarantee CPU and thus NUMA node is stable. This,
@@ -354,57 +353,57 @@ static struct page *page_pool_refill_alloc_cache(struct page_pool *pool)
 
 	/* Refill alloc array, but only if NUMA match */
 	do {
-		page = __ptr_ring_consume(r);
-		if (unlikely(!page))
+		netmem = (__force netmem_ref)__ptr_ring_consume(r);
+		if (unlikely(!netmem))
 			break;
 
-		if (likely(page_to_nid(page) == pref_nid)) {
-			pool->alloc.cache[pool->alloc.count++] = page;
+		if (likely(page_to_nid(netmem_to_page(netmem)) == pref_nid)) {
+			pool->alloc.cache[pool->alloc.count++] = netmem;
 		} else {
 			/* NUMA mismatch;
 			 * (1) release 1 page to page-allocator and
 			 * (2) break out to fallthrough to alloc_pages_node.
 			 * This limit stress on page buddy alloactor.
 			 */
-			page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
+			page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
 			alloc_stat_inc(pool, waive);
-			page = NULL;
+			netmem = 0;
 			break;
 		}
 	} while (pool->alloc.count < PP_ALLOC_CACHE_REFILL);
 
 	/* Return last page */
 	if (likely(pool->alloc.count > 0)) {
-		page = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
+		netmem = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
 		alloc_stat_inc(pool, refill);
 	}
 
-	return page;
+	return netmem;
 }
 
 /* fast path */
-static struct page *__page_pool_get_cached(struct page_pool *pool)
+static netmem_ref __page_pool_get_cached(struct page_pool *pool)
 {
-	struct page *page;
+	netmem_ref netmem;
 
 	/* Caller MUST guarantee safe non-concurrent access, e.g. softirq */
 	if (likely(pool->alloc.count)) {
 		/* Fast-path */
-		page = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
+		netmem = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
 		alloc_stat_inc(pool, fast);
 	} else {
-		page = page_pool_refill_alloc_cache(pool);
+		netmem = page_pool_refill_alloc_cache(pool);
 	}
 
-	return page;
+	return netmem;
 }
 
 static void __page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(const struct page_pool *pool,
-					    const struct page *page,
+					    netmem_ref netmem,
 					    u32 dma_sync_size)
 {
 #if defined(CONFIG_HAS_DMA) && defined(CONFIG_DMA_NEED_SYNC)
-	dma_addr_t dma_addr = page_pool_get_dma_addr(page);
+	dma_addr_t dma_addr = page_pool_get_dma_addr_netmem(netmem);
 
 	dma_sync_size = min(dma_sync_size, pool->p.max_len);
 	__dma_sync_single_for_device(pool->p.dev, dma_addr + pool->p.offset,
@@ -414,14 +413,14 @@ static void __page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(const struct page_pool *pool,
 
 static __always_inline void
 page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(const struct page_pool *pool,
-			      const struct page *page,
+			      netmem_ref netmem,
 			      u32 dma_sync_size)
 {
 	if (pool->dma_sync && dma_dev_need_sync(pool->p.dev))
-		__page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(pool, page, dma_sync_size);
+		__page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(pool, netmem, dma_sync_size);
 }
 
-static bool page_pool_dma_map(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
+static bool page_pool_dma_map(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem)
 {
 	dma_addr_t dma;
 
@@ -430,17 +429,17 @@ static bool page_pool_dma_map(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
 	 * into page private data (i.e 32bit cpu with 64bit DMA caps)
 	 * This mapping is kept for lifetime of page, until leaving pool.
 	 */
-	dma = dma_map_page_attrs(pool->p.dev, page, 0,
-				 (PAGE_SIZE << pool->p.order),
-				 pool->p.dma_dir, DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC |
-						  DMA_ATTR_WEAK_ORDERING);
+	dma = dma_map_page_attrs(pool->p.dev, netmem_to_page(netmem), 0,
+				 (PAGE_SIZE << pool->p.order), pool->p.dma_dir,
+				 DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC |
+					 DMA_ATTR_WEAK_ORDERING);
 	if (dma_mapping_error(pool->p.dev, dma))
 		return false;
 
-	if (page_pool_set_dma_addr(page, dma))
+	if (page_pool_set_dma_addr_netmem(netmem, dma))
 		goto unmap_failed;
 
-	page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(pool, page, pool->p.max_len);
+	page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(pool, netmem, pool->p.max_len);
 
 	return true;
 
@@ -452,9 +451,10 @@ static bool page_pool_dma_map(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
 	return false;
 }
 
-static void page_pool_set_pp_info(struct page_pool *pool,
-				  struct page *page)
+static void page_pool_set_pp_info(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem)
 {
+	struct page *page = netmem_to_page(netmem);
+
 	page->pp = pool;
 	page->pp_magic |= PP_SIGNATURE;
 
@@ -464,13 +464,15 @@ static void page_pool_set_pp_info(struct page_pool *pool,
 	 * is dirtying the same cache line as the page->pp_magic above, so
 	 * the overhead is negligible.
 	 */
-	page_pool_fragment_page(page, 1);
+	page_pool_fragment_netmem(netmem, 1);
 	if (pool->has_init_callback)
-		pool->slow.init_callback(page, pool->slow.init_arg);
+		pool->slow.init_callback(netmem, pool->slow.init_arg);
 }
 
-static void page_pool_clear_pp_info(struct page *page)
+static void page_pool_clear_pp_info(netmem_ref netmem)
 {
+	struct page *page = netmem_to_page(netmem);
+
 	page->pp_magic = 0;
 	page->pp = NULL;
 }
@@ -485,34 +487,34 @@ static struct page *__page_pool_alloc_page_order(struct page_pool *pool,
 	if (unlikely(!page))
 		return NULL;
 
-	if (pool->dma_map && unlikely(!page_pool_dma_map(pool, page))) {
+	if (pool->dma_map && unlikely(!page_pool_dma_map(pool, page_to_netmem(page)))) {
 		put_page(page);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
 	alloc_stat_inc(pool, slow_high_order);
-	page_pool_set_pp_info(pool, page);
+	page_pool_set_pp_info(pool, page_to_netmem(page));
 
 	/* Track how many pages are held 'in-flight' */
 	pool->pages_state_hold_cnt++;
-	trace_page_pool_state_hold(pool, page, pool->pages_state_hold_cnt);
+	trace_page_pool_state_hold(pool, page_to_netmem(page),
+				   pool->pages_state_hold_cnt);
 	return page;
 }
 
 /* slow path */
-noinline
-static struct page *__page_pool_alloc_pages_slow(struct page_pool *pool,
-						 gfp_t gfp)
+static noinline netmem_ref __page_pool_alloc_pages_slow(struct page_pool *pool,
+							gfp_t gfp)
 {
 	const int bulk = PP_ALLOC_CACHE_REFILL;
 	unsigned int pp_order = pool->p.order;
 	bool dma_map = pool->dma_map;
-	struct page *page;
+	netmem_ref netmem;
 	int i, nr_pages;
 
 	/* Don't support bulk alloc for high-order pages */
 	if (unlikely(pp_order))
-		return __page_pool_alloc_page_order(pool, gfp);
+		return page_to_netmem(__page_pool_alloc_page_order(pool, gfp));
 
 	/* Unnecessary as alloc cache is empty, but guarantees zero count */
 	if (unlikely(pool->alloc.count > 0))
@@ -521,56 +523,63 @@ static struct page *__page_pool_alloc_pages_slow(struct page_pool *pool,
 	/* Mark empty alloc.cache slots "empty" for alloc_pages_bulk_array */
 	memset(&pool->alloc.cache, 0, sizeof(void *) * bulk);
 
-	nr_pages = alloc_pages_bulk_array_node(gfp, pool->p.nid, bulk,
-					       pool->alloc.cache);
+	nr_pages = alloc_pages_bulk_array_node(gfp,
+					       pool->p.nid, bulk,
+					       (struct page **)pool->alloc.cache);
 	if (unlikely(!nr_pages))
-		return NULL;
+		return 0;
 
 	/* Pages have been filled into alloc.cache array, but count is zero and
 	 * page element have not been (possibly) DMA mapped.
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
-		page = pool->alloc.cache[i];
-		if (dma_map && unlikely(!page_pool_dma_map(pool, page))) {
-			put_page(page);
+		netmem = pool->alloc.cache[i];
+		if (dma_map && unlikely(!page_pool_dma_map(pool, netmem))) {
+			put_page(netmem_to_page(netmem));
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		page_pool_set_pp_info(pool, page);
-		pool->alloc.cache[pool->alloc.count++] = page;
+		page_pool_set_pp_info(pool, netmem);
+		pool->alloc.cache[pool->alloc.count++] = netmem;
 		/* Track how many pages are held 'in-flight' */
 		pool->pages_state_hold_cnt++;
-		trace_page_pool_state_hold(pool, page,
+		trace_page_pool_state_hold(pool, netmem,
 					   pool->pages_state_hold_cnt);
 	}
 
 	/* Return last page */
 	if (likely(pool->alloc.count > 0)) {
-		page = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
+		netmem = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
 		alloc_stat_inc(pool, slow);
 	} else {
-		page = NULL;
+		netmem = 0;
 	}
 
 	/* When page just alloc'ed is should/must have refcnt 1. */
-	return page;
+	return netmem;
 }
 
 /* For using page_pool replace: alloc_pages() API calls, but provide
  * synchronization guarantee for allocation side.
  */
-struct page *page_pool_alloc_pages(struct page_pool *pool, gfp_t gfp)
+netmem_ref page_pool_alloc_netmem(struct page_pool *pool, gfp_t gfp)
 {
-	struct page *page;
+	netmem_ref netmem;
 
 	/* Fast-path: Get a page from cache */
-	page = __page_pool_get_cached(pool);
-	if (page)
-		return page;
+	netmem = __page_pool_get_cached(pool);
+	if (netmem)
+		return netmem;
 
 	/* Slow-path: cache empty, do real allocation */
-	page = __page_pool_alloc_pages_slow(pool, gfp);
-	return page;
+	netmem = __page_pool_alloc_pages_slow(pool, gfp);
+	return netmem;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_alloc_netmem);
+
+struct page *page_pool_alloc_pages(struct page_pool *pool, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	return netmem_to_page(page_pool_alloc_netmem(pool, gfp));
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_alloc_pages);
 ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION(page_pool_alloc_pages, NULL);
@@ -599,8 +608,8 @@ s32 page_pool_inflight(const struct page_pool *pool, bool strict)
 	return inflight;
 }
 
-static __always_inline
-void __page_pool_release_page_dma(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
+static __always_inline void __page_pool_release_page_dma(struct page_pool *pool,
+							 netmem_ref netmem)
 {
 	dma_addr_t dma;
 
@@ -610,13 +619,13 @@ void __page_pool_release_page_dma(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
 		 */
 		return;
 
-	dma = page_pool_get_dma_addr(page);
+	dma = page_pool_get_dma_addr_netmem(netmem);
 
 	/* When page is unmapped, it cannot be returned to our pool */
 	dma_unmap_page_attrs(pool->p.dev, dma,
 			     PAGE_SIZE << pool->p.order, pool->p.dma_dir,
 			     DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC | DMA_ATTR_WEAK_ORDERING);
-	page_pool_set_dma_addr(page, 0);
+	page_pool_set_dma_addr_netmem(netmem, 0);
 }
 
 /* Disconnects a page (from a page_pool).  API users can have a need
@@ -624,35 +633,34 @@ void __page_pool_release_page_dma(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
  * a regular page (that will eventually be returned to the normal
  * page-allocator via put_page).
  */
-void page_pool_return_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
+void page_pool_return_page(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem)
 {
 	int count;
 
-	__page_pool_release_page_dma(pool, page);
-
-	page_pool_clear_pp_info(page);
+	__page_pool_release_page_dma(pool, netmem);
 
 	/* This may be the last page returned, releasing the pool, so
 	 * it is not safe to reference pool afterwards.
 	 */
 	count = atomic_inc_return_relaxed(&pool->pages_state_release_cnt);
-	trace_page_pool_state_release(pool, page, count);
+	trace_page_pool_state_release(pool, netmem, count);
 
-	put_page(page);
+	page_pool_clear_pp_info(netmem);
+	put_page(netmem_to_page(netmem));
 	/* An optimization would be to call __free_pages(page, pool->p.order)
 	 * knowing page is not part of page-cache (thus avoiding a
 	 * __page_cache_release() call).
 	 */
 }
 
-static bool page_pool_recycle_in_ring(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
+static bool page_pool_recycle_in_ring(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem)
 {
 	int ret;
 	/* BH protection not needed if current is softirq */
 	if (in_softirq())
-		ret = ptr_ring_produce(&pool->ring, page);
+		ret = ptr_ring_produce(&pool->ring, (__force void *)netmem);
 	else
-		ret = ptr_ring_produce_bh(&pool->ring, page);
+		ret = ptr_ring_produce_bh(&pool->ring, (__force void *)netmem);
 
 	if (!ret) {
 		recycle_stat_inc(pool, ring);
@@ -667,7 +675,7 @@ static bool page_pool_recycle_in_ring(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page)
  *
  * Caller must provide appropriate safe context.
  */
-static bool page_pool_recycle_in_cache(struct page *page,
+static bool page_pool_recycle_in_cache(netmem_ref netmem,
 				       struct page_pool *pool)
 {
 	if (unlikely(pool->alloc.count == PP_ALLOC_CACHE_SIZE)) {
@@ -676,14 +684,15 @@ static bool page_pool_recycle_in_cache(struct page *page,
 	}
 
 	/* Caller MUST have verified/know (page_ref_count(page) == 1) */
-	pool->alloc.cache[pool->alloc.count++] = page;
+	pool->alloc.cache[pool->alloc.count++] = netmem;
 	recycle_stat_inc(pool, cached);
 	return true;
 }
 
-static bool __page_pool_page_can_be_recycled(const struct page *page)
+static bool __page_pool_page_can_be_recycled(netmem_ref netmem)
 {
-	return page_ref_count(page) == 1 && !page_is_pfmemalloc(page);
+	return page_ref_count(netmem_to_page(netmem)) == 1 &&
+	       !page_is_pfmemalloc(netmem_to_page(netmem));
 }
 
 /* If the page refcnt == 1, this will try to recycle the page.
@@ -692,8 +701,8 @@ static bool __page_pool_page_can_be_recycled(const struct page *page)
  * If the page refcnt != 1, then the page will be returned to memory
  * subsystem.
  */
-static __always_inline struct page *
-__page_pool_put_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page,
+static __always_inline netmem_ref
+__page_pool_put_page(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem,
 		     unsigned int dma_sync_size, bool allow_direct)
 {
 	lockdep_assert_no_hardirq();
@@ -707,16 +716,16 @@ __page_pool_put_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page,
 	 * page is NOT reusable when allocated when system is under
 	 * some pressure. (page_is_pfmemalloc)
 	 */
-	if (likely(__page_pool_page_can_be_recycled(page))) {
+	if (likely(__page_pool_page_can_be_recycled(netmem))) {
 		/* Read barrier done in page_ref_count / READ_ONCE */
 
-		page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(pool, page, dma_sync_size);
+		page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(pool, netmem, dma_sync_size);
 
-		if (allow_direct && page_pool_recycle_in_cache(page, pool))
-			return NULL;
+		if (allow_direct && page_pool_recycle_in_cache(netmem, pool))
+			return 0;
 
 		/* Page found as candidate for recycling */
-		return page;
+		return netmem;
 	}
 	/* Fallback/non-XDP mode: API user have elevated refcnt.
 	 *
@@ -732,9 +741,9 @@ __page_pool_put_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page,
 	 * will be invoking put_page.
 	 */
 	recycle_stat_inc(pool, released_refcnt);
-	page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
+	page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
 
-	return NULL;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static bool page_pool_napi_local(const struct page_pool *pool)
@@ -760,19 +769,28 @@ static bool page_pool_napi_local(const struct page_pool *pool)
 	return napi && READ_ONCE(napi->list_owner) == cpuid;
 }
 
-void page_pool_put_unrefed_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page,
-				unsigned int dma_sync_size, bool allow_direct)
+void page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem(struct page_pool *pool, netmem_ref netmem,
+				  unsigned int dma_sync_size, bool allow_direct)
 {
 	if (!allow_direct)
 		allow_direct = page_pool_napi_local(pool);
 
-	page = __page_pool_put_page(pool, page, dma_sync_size, allow_direct);
-	if (page && !page_pool_recycle_in_ring(pool, page)) {
+	netmem =
+		__page_pool_put_page(pool, netmem, dma_sync_size, allow_direct);
+	if (netmem && !page_pool_recycle_in_ring(pool, netmem)) {
 		/* Cache full, fallback to free pages */
 		recycle_stat_inc(pool, ring_full);
-		page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
+		page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
 	}
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem);
+
+void page_pool_put_unrefed_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page,
+				unsigned int dma_sync_size, bool allow_direct)
+{
+	page_pool_put_unrefed_netmem(pool, page_to_netmem(page), dma_sync_size,
+				     allow_direct);
+}
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_put_unrefed_page);
 
 /**
@@ -800,16 +818,16 @@ void page_pool_put_page_bulk(struct page_pool *pool, void **data,
 	allow_direct = page_pool_napi_local(pool);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-		struct page *page = virt_to_head_page(data[i]);
+		netmem_ref netmem = page_to_netmem(virt_to_head_page(data[i]));
 
 		/* It is not the last user for the page frag case */
-		if (!page_pool_is_last_ref(page))
+		if (!page_pool_is_last_ref(netmem))
 			continue;
 
-		page = __page_pool_put_page(pool, page, -1, allow_direct);
+		netmem = __page_pool_put_page(pool, netmem, -1, allow_direct);
 		/* Approved for bulk recycling in ptr_ring cache */
-		if (page)
-			data[bulk_len++] = page;
+		if (netmem)
+			data[bulk_len++] = (__force void *)netmem;
 	}
 
 	if (!bulk_len)
@@ -835,98 +853,106 @@ void page_pool_put_page_bulk(struct page_pool *pool, void **data,
 	 * since put_page() with refcnt == 1 can be an expensive operation
 	 */
 	for (; i < bulk_len; i++)
-		page_pool_return_page(pool, data[i]);
+		page_pool_return_page(pool, (__force netmem_ref)data[i]);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_put_page_bulk);
 
-static struct page *page_pool_drain_frag(struct page_pool *pool,
-					 struct page *page)
+static netmem_ref page_pool_drain_frag(struct page_pool *pool,
+				       netmem_ref netmem)
 {
 	long drain_count = BIAS_MAX - pool->frag_users;
 
 	/* Some user is still using the page frag */
-	if (likely(page_pool_unref_page(page, drain_count)))
-		return NULL;
+	if (likely(page_pool_unref_netmem(netmem, drain_count)))
+		return 0;
 
-	if (__page_pool_page_can_be_recycled(page)) {
-		page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(pool, page, -1);
-		return page;
+	if (__page_pool_page_can_be_recycled(netmem)) {
+		page_pool_dma_sync_for_device(pool, netmem, -1);
+		return netmem;
 	}
 
-	page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
-	return NULL;
+	page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void page_pool_free_frag(struct page_pool *pool)
 {
 	long drain_count = BIAS_MAX - pool->frag_users;
-	struct page *page = pool->frag_page;
+	netmem_ref netmem = pool->frag_page;
 
-	pool->frag_page = NULL;
+	pool->frag_page = 0;
 
-	if (!page || page_pool_unref_page(page, drain_count))
+	if (!netmem || page_pool_unref_netmem(netmem, drain_count))
 		return;
 
-	page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
+	page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
 }
 
-struct page *page_pool_alloc_frag(struct page_pool *pool,
-				  unsigned int *offset,
-				  unsigned int size, gfp_t gfp)
+netmem_ref page_pool_alloc_frag_netmem(struct page_pool *pool,
+				       unsigned int *offset, unsigned int size,
+				       gfp_t gfp)
 {
 	unsigned int max_size = PAGE_SIZE << pool->p.order;
-	struct page *page = pool->frag_page;
+	netmem_ref netmem = pool->frag_page;
 
 	if (WARN_ON(size > max_size))
-		return NULL;
+		return 0;
 
 	size = ALIGN(size, dma_get_cache_alignment());
 	*offset = pool->frag_offset;
 
-	if (page && *offset + size > max_size) {
-		page = page_pool_drain_frag(pool, page);
-		if (page) {
+	if (netmem && *offset + size > max_size) {
+		netmem = page_pool_drain_frag(pool, netmem);
+		if (netmem) {
 			alloc_stat_inc(pool, fast);
 			goto frag_reset;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!page) {
-		page = page_pool_alloc_pages(pool, gfp);
-		if (unlikely(!page)) {
-			pool->frag_page = NULL;
-			return NULL;
+	if (!netmem) {
+		netmem = page_pool_alloc_netmem(pool, gfp);
+		if (unlikely(!netmem)) {
+			pool->frag_page = 0;
+			return 0;
 		}
 
-		pool->frag_page = page;
+		pool->frag_page = netmem;
 
 frag_reset:
 		pool->frag_users = 1;
 		*offset = 0;
 		pool->frag_offset = size;
-		page_pool_fragment_page(page, BIAS_MAX);
-		return page;
+		page_pool_fragment_netmem(netmem, BIAS_MAX);
+		return netmem;
 	}
 
 	pool->frag_users++;
 	pool->frag_offset = *offset + size;
 	alloc_stat_inc(pool, fast);
-	return page;
+	return netmem;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_alloc_frag_netmem);
+
+struct page *page_pool_alloc_frag(struct page_pool *pool, unsigned int *offset,
+				  unsigned int size, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	return netmem_to_page(page_pool_alloc_frag_netmem(pool, offset, size,
+							  gfp));
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_alloc_frag);
 
 static void page_pool_empty_ring(struct page_pool *pool)
 {
-	struct page *page;
+	netmem_ref netmem;
 
 	/* Empty recycle ring */
-	while ((page = ptr_ring_consume_bh(&pool->ring))) {
+	while ((netmem = (__force netmem_ref)ptr_ring_consume_bh(&pool->ring))) {
 		/* Verify the refcnt invariant of cached pages */
-		if (!(page_ref_count(page) == 1))
+		if (!(page_ref_count(netmem_to_page(netmem)) == 1))
 			pr_crit("%s() page_pool refcnt %d violation\n",
-				__func__, page_ref_count(page));
+				__func__, netmem_ref_count(netmem));
 
-		page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
+		page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -942,7 +968,7 @@ static void __page_pool_destroy(struct page_pool *pool)
 
 static void page_pool_empty_alloc_cache_once(struct page_pool *pool)
 {
-	struct page *page;
+	netmem_ref netmem;
 
 	if (pool->destroy_cnt)
 		return;
@@ -952,8 +978,8 @@ static void page_pool_empty_alloc_cache_once(struct page_pool *pool)
 	 * call concurrently.
 	 */
 	while (pool->alloc.count) {
-		page = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
-		page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
+		netmem = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
+		page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1059,15 +1085,15 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_destroy);
 /* Caller must provide appropriate safe context, e.g. NAPI. */
 void page_pool_update_nid(struct page_pool *pool, int new_nid)
 {
-	struct page *page;
+	netmem_ref netmem;
 
 	trace_page_pool_update_nid(pool, new_nid);
 	pool->p.nid = new_nid;
 
 	/* Flush pool alloc cache, as refill will check NUMA node */
 	while (pool->alloc.count) {
-		page = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
-		page_pool_return_page(pool, page);
+		netmem = pool->alloc.cache[--pool->alloc.count];
+		page_pool_return_page(pool, netmem);
 	}
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_update_nid);
diff --git a/net/core/skbuff.c b/net/core/skbuff.c
index eb9a7e65b5c81..6acab82d2e1c9 100644
--- a/net/core/skbuff.c
+++ b/net/core/skbuff.c
@@ -1015,8 +1015,10 @@ int skb_cow_data_for_xdp(struct page_pool *pool, struct sk_buff **pskb,
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(skb_cow_data_for_xdp);
 
 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PAGE_POOL)
-bool napi_pp_put_page(struct page *page)
+bool napi_pp_put_page(netmem_ref netmem)
 {
+	struct page *page = netmem_to_page(netmem);
+
 	page = compound_head(page);
 
 	/* page->pp_magic is OR'ed with PP_SIGNATURE after the allocation
@@ -1029,7 +1031,7 @@ bool napi_pp_put_page(struct page *page)
 	if (unlikely(!is_pp_page(page)))
 		return false;
 
-	page_pool_put_full_page(page->pp, page, false);
+	page_pool_put_full_netmem(page->pp, page_to_netmem(page), false);
 
 	return true;
 }
@@ -1040,7 +1042,7 @@ static bool skb_pp_recycle(struct sk_buff *skb, void *data)
 {
 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PAGE_POOL) || !skb->pp_recycle)
 		return false;
-	return napi_pp_put_page(virt_to_page(data));
+	return napi_pp_put_page(page_to_netmem(virt_to_page(data)));
 }
 
 /**
