diff --git a/include/exec/cpu_ldst.h b/include/exec/cpu_ldst.h
index 41b98ba801..0f3c49a005 100644
--- a/include/exec/cpu_ldst.h
+++ b/include/exec/cpu_ldst.h
@@ -120,35 +120,33 @@ static inline void clear_helper_retaddr(void)
 
 /* In user-only mode we provide only the _code and _data accessors. */
 
-#define MEMSUFFIX _data
-#define DATA_SIZE 1
-#include "exec/cpu_ldst_useronly_template.h"
+uint32_t cpu_ldub_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr);
+uint32_t cpu_lduw_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr);
+uint32_t cpu_ldl_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr);
+uint64_t cpu_ldq_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr);
+int cpu_ldsb_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr);
+int cpu_ldsw_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr);
 
-#define DATA_SIZE 2
-#include "exec/cpu_ldst_useronly_template.h"
+uint32_t cpu_ldub_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uintptr_t retaddr);
+uint32_t cpu_lduw_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uintptr_t retaddr);
+uint32_t cpu_ldl_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uintptr_t retaddr);
+uint64_t cpu_ldq_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uintptr_t retaddr);
+int cpu_ldsb_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uintptr_t retaddr);
+int cpu_ldsw_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uintptr_t retaddr);
 
-#define DATA_SIZE 4
-#include "exec/cpu_ldst_useronly_template.h"
+void cpu_stb_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uint32_t val);
+void cpu_stw_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uint32_t val);
+void cpu_stl_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uint32_t val);
+void cpu_stq_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uint64_t val);
 
-#define DATA_SIZE 8
-#include "exec/cpu_ldst_useronly_template.h"
-#undef MEMSUFFIX
-
-#define MEMSUFFIX _code
-#define CODE_ACCESS
-#define DATA_SIZE 1
-#include "exec/cpu_ldst_useronly_template.h"
-
-#define DATA_SIZE 2
-#include "exec/cpu_ldst_useronly_template.h"
-
-#define DATA_SIZE 4
-#include "exec/cpu_ldst_useronly_template.h"
-
-#define DATA_SIZE 8
-#include "exec/cpu_ldst_useronly_template.h"
-#undef MEMSUFFIX
-#undef CODE_ACCESS
+void cpu_stb_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr,
+                     uint32_t val, uintptr_t retaddr);
+void cpu_stw_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr,
+                     uint32_t val, uintptr_t retaddr);
+void cpu_stl_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr,
+                     uint32_t val, uintptr_t retaddr);
+void cpu_stq_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr,
+                     uint64_t val, uintptr_t retaddr);
 
 /*
  * Provide the same *_mmuidx_ra interface as for softmmu.
@@ -520,6 +518,8 @@ void cpu_stq_mmuidx_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr addr, uint64_t val,
 #undef CPU_MMU_INDEX
 #undef MEMSUFFIX
 
+#endif /* defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY) */
+
 uint32_t cpu_ldub_code(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr addr);
 uint32_t cpu_lduw_code(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr addr);
 uint32_t cpu_ldl_code(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr addr);
@@ -535,8 +535,6 @@ static inline int cpu_ldsw_code(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr addr)
     return (int16_t)cpu_lduw_code(env, addr);
 }
 
-#endif /* defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY) */
-
 /**
  * tlb_vaddr_to_host:
  * @env: CPUArchState
diff --git a/include/exec/cpu_ldst_useronly_template.h b/include/exec/cpu_ldst_useronly_template.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e5a3d1983a..0000000000
--- a/include/exec/cpu_ldst_useronly_template.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *  User-only accessor function support
- *
- * Generate inline load/store functions for one data size.
- *
- * Generate a store function as well as signed and unsigned loads.
- *
- * Not used directly but included from cpu_ldst.h.
- *
- *  Copyright (c) 2015 Linaro Limited
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
- * Lesser General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-
-#if !defined(CODE_ACCESS)
-#include "trace-root.h"
-#endif
-
-#include "trace/mem.h"
-
-#if DATA_SIZE == 8
-#define SUFFIX q
-#define USUFFIX q
-#define DATA_TYPE uint64_t
-#define SHIFT 3
-#elif DATA_SIZE == 4
-#define SUFFIX l
-#define USUFFIX l
-#define DATA_TYPE uint32_t
-#define SHIFT 2
-#elif DATA_SIZE == 2
-#define SUFFIX w
-#define USUFFIX uw
-#define DATA_TYPE uint16_t
-#define DATA_STYPE int16_t
-#define SHIFT 1
-#elif DATA_SIZE == 1
-#define SUFFIX b
-#define USUFFIX ub
-#define DATA_TYPE uint8_t
-#define DATA_STYPE int8_t
-#define SHIFT 0
-#else
-#error unsupported data size
-#endif
-
-#if DATA_SIZE == 8
-#define RES_TYPE uint64_t
-#else
-#define RES_TYPE uint32_t
-#endif
-
-static inline RES_TYPE
-glue(glue(cpu_ld, USUFFIX), MEMSUFFIX)(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr)
-{
-    RES_TYPE ret;
-#ifdef CODE_ACCESS
-    set_helper_retaddr(1);
-    ret = glue(glue(ld, USUFFIX), _p)(g2h(ptr));
-    clear_helper_retaddr();
-#else
-    MemOp op = MO_TE | SHIFT;
-    uint16_t meminfo = trace_mem_get_info(op, MMU_USER_IDX, false);
-    trace_guest_mem_before_exec(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
-    ret = glue(glue(ld, USUFFIX), _p)(g2h(ptr));
-#endif
-    return ret;
-}
-
-#ifndef CODE_ACCESS
-static inline RES_TYPE
-glue(glue(glue(cpu_ld, USUFFIX), MEMSUFFIX), _ra)(CPUArchState *env,
-                                                  abi_ptr ptr,
-                                                  uintptr_t retaddr)
-{
-    RES_TYPE ret;
-    set_helper_retaddr(retaddr);
-    ret = glue(glue(cpu_ld, USUFFIX), MEMSUFFIX)(env, ptr);
-    clear_helper_retaddr();
-    return ret;
-}
-#endif
-
-#if DATA_SIZE <= 2
-static inline int
-glue(glue(cpu_lds, SUFFIX), MEMSUFFIX)(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr)
-{
-    int ret;
-#ifdef CODE_ACCESS
-    set_helper_retaddr(1);
-    ret = glue(glue(lds, SUFFIX), _p)(g2h(ptr));
-    clear_helper_retaddr();
-#else
-    MemOp op = MO_TE | MO_SIGN | SHIFT;
-    uint16_t meminfo = trace_mem_get_info(op, MMU_USER_IDX, false);
-    trace_guest_mem_before_exec(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
-    ret = glue(glue(lds, SUFFIX), _p)(g2h(ptr));
-    qemu_plugin_vcpu_mem_cb(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
-#endif
-    return ret;
-}
-
-#ifndef CODE_ACCESS
-static inline int
-glue(glue(glue(cpu_lds, SUFFIX), MEMSUFFIX), _ra)(CPUArchState *env,
-                                                  abi_ptr ptr,
-                                                  uintptr_t retaddr)
-{
-    int ret;
-    set_helper_retaddr(retaddr);
-    ret = glue(glue(cpu_lds, SUFFIX), MEMSUFFIX)(env, ptr);
-    clear_helper_retaddr();
-    return ret;
-}
-#endif /* CODE_ACCESS */
-#endif /* DATA_SIZE <= 2 */
-
-#ifndef CODE_ACCESS
-static inline void
-glue(glue(cpu_st, SUFFIX), MEMSUFFIX)(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr,
-                                      RES_TYPE v)
-{
-    MemOp op = MO_TE | SHIFT;
-    uint16_t meminfo = trace_mem_get_info(op, MMU_USER_IDX, true);
-    trace_guest_mem_before_exec(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
-    glue(glue(st, SUFFIX), _p)(g2h(ptr), v);
-    qemu_plugin_vcpu_mem_cb(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
-}
-
-static inline void
-glue(glue(glue(cpu_st, SUFFIX), MEMSUFFIX), _ra)(CPUArchState *env,
-                                                  abi_ptr ptr,
-                                                  RES_TYPE v,
-                                                  uintptr_t retaddr)
-{
-    set_helper_retaddr(retaddr);
-    glue(glue(cpu_st, SUFFIX), MEMSUFFIX)(env, ptr, v);
-    clear_helper_retaddr();
-}
-#endif
-
-#undef RES_TYPE
-#undef DATA_TYPE
-#undef DATA_STYPE
-#undef SUFFIX
-#undef USUFFIX
-#undef DATA_SIZE
-#undef SHIFT
diff --git a/accel/tcg/user-exec.c b/accel/tcg/user-exec.c
index b09f7a1577..79da4219bb 100644
--- a/accel/tcg/user-exec.c
+++ b/accel/tcg/user-exec.c
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 #include "translate-all.h"
 #include "exec/helper-proto.h"
 #include "qemu/atomic128.h"
+#include "trace-root.h"
+#include "trace/mem.h"
 
 #undef EAX
 #undef ECX
@@ -734,6 +736,240 @@ int cpu_signal_handler(int host_signum, void *pinfo,
 
 /* The softmmu versions of these helpers are in cputlb.c.  */
 
+uint32_t cpu_ldub_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr)
+{
+    uint32_t ret;
+    uint16_t meminfo = trace_mem_get_info(MO_UB, MMU_USER_IDX, false);
+
+    trace_guest_mem_before_exec(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    ret = ldub_p(g2h(ptr));
+    qemu_plugin_vcpu_mem_cb(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int cpu_ldsb_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr)
+{
+    int ret;
+    uint16_t meminfo = trace_mem_get_info(MO_SB, MMU_USER_IDX, false);
+
+    trace_guest_mem_before_exec(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    ret = ldsb_p(g2h(ptr));
+    qemu_plugin_vcpu_mem_cb(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+uint32_t cpu_lduw_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr)
+{
+    uint32_t ret;
+    uint16_t meminfo = trace_mem_get_info(MO_TEUW, MMU_USER_IDX, false);
+
+    trace_guest_mem_before_exec(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    ret = lduw_p(g2h(ptr));
+    qemu_plugin_vcpu_mem_cb(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int cpu_ldsw_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr)
+{
+    int ret;
+    uint16_t meminfo = trace_mem_get_info(MO_TESW, MMU_USER_IDX, false);
+
+    trace_guest_mem_before_exec(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    ret = ldsw_p(g2h(ptr));
+    qemu_plugin_vcpu_mem_cb(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+uint32_t cpu_ldl_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr)
+{
+    uint32_t ret;
+    uint16_t meminfo = trace_mem_get_info(MO_TEUL, MMU_USER_IDX, false);
+
+    trace_guest_mem_before_exec(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    ret = ldl_p(g2h(ptr));
+    qemu_plugin_vcpu_mem_cb(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+uint64_t cpu_ldq_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr)
+{
+    uint64_t ret;
+    uint16_t meminfo = trace_mem_get_info(MO_TEQ, MMU_USER_IDX, false);
+
+    trace_guest_mem_before_exec(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    ret = ldq_p(g2h(ptr));
+    qemu_plugin_vcpu_mem_cb(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+uint32_t cpu_ldub_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uintptr_t retaddr)
+{
+    uint32_t ret;
+
+    set_helper_retaddr(retaddr);
+    ret = cpu_ldub_data(env, ptr);
+    clear_helper_retaddr();
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int cpu_ldsb_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uintptr_t retaddr)
+{
+    int ret;
+
+    set_helper_retaddr(retaddr);
+    ret = cpu_ldsb_data(env, ptr);
+    clear_helper_retaddr();
+    return ret;
+}
+
+uint32_t cpu_lduw_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uintptr_t retaddr)
+{
+    uint32_t ret;
+
+    set_helper_retaddr(retaddr);
+    ret = cpu_lduw_data(env, ptr);
+    clear_helper_retaddr();
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int cpu_ldsw_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uintptr_t retaddr)
+{
+    int ret;
+
+    set_helper_retaddr(retaddr);
+    ret = cpu_ldsw_data(env, ptr);
+    clear_helper_retaddr();
+    return ret;
+}
+
+uint32_t cpu_ldl_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uintptr_t retaddr)
+{
+    uint32_t ret;
+
+    set_helper_retaddr(retaddr);
+    ret = cpu_ldl_data(env, ptr);
+    clear_helper_retaddr();
+    return ret;
+}
+
+uint64_t cpu_ldq_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uintptr_t retaddr)
+{
+    uint64_t ret;
+
+    set_helper_retaddr(retaddr);
+    ret = cpu_ldq_data(env, ptr);
+    clear_helper_retaddr();
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void cpu_stb_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uint32_t val)
+{
+    uint16_t meminfo = trace_mem_get_info(MO_UB, MMU_USER_IDX, true);
+
+    trace_guest_mem_before_exec(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    stb_p(g2h(ptr), val);
+    qemu_plugin_vcpu_mem_cb(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+}
+
+void cpu_stw_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uint32_t val)
+{
+    uint16_t meminfo = trace_mem_get_info(MO_TEUW, MMU_USER_IDX, true);
+
+    trace_guest_mem_before_exec(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    stw_p(g2h(ptr), val);
+    qemu_plugin_vcpu_mem_cb(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+}
+
+void cpu_stl_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uint32_t val)
+{
+    uint16_t meminfo = trace_mem_get_info(MO_TEUL, MMU_USER_IDX, true);
+
+    trace_guest_mem_before_exec(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    stl_p(g2h(ptr), val);
+    qemu_plugin_vcpu_mem_cb(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+}
+
+void cpu_stq_data(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr, uint64_t val)
+{
+    uint16_t meminfo = trace_mem_get_info(MO_TEQ, MMU_USER_IDX, true);
+
+    trace_guest_mem_before_exec(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+    stq_p(g2h(ptr), val);
+    qemu_plugin_vcpu_mem_cb(env_cpu(env), ptr, meminfo);
+}
+
+void cpu_stb_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr,
+                     uint32_t val, uintptr_t retaddr)
+{
+    set_helper_retaddr(retaddr);
+    cpu_stb_data(env, ptr, val);
+    clear_helper_retaddr();
+}
+
+void cpu_stw_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr,
+                     uint32_t val, uintptr_t retaddr)
+{
+    set_helper_retaddr(retaddr);
+    cpu_stw_data(env, ptr, val);
+    clear_helper_retaddr();
+}
+
+void cpu_stl_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr,
+                     uint32_t val, uintptr_t retaddr)
+{
+    set_helper_retaddr(retaddr);
+    cpu_stl_data(env, ptr, val);
+    clear_helper_retaddr();
+}
+
+void cpu_stq_data_ra(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr,
+                     uint64_t val, uintptr_t retaddr)
+{
+    set_helper_retaddr(retaddr);
+    cpu_stq_data(env, ptr, val);
+    clear_helper_retaddr();
+}
+
+uint32_t cpu_ldub_code(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr)
+{
+    uint32_t ret;
+
+    set_helper_retaddr(1);
+    ret = ldub_p(g2h(ptr));
+    clear_helper_retaddr();
+    return ret;
+}
+
+uint32_t cpu_lduw_code(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr)
+{
+    uint32_t ret;
+
+    set_helper_retaddr(1);
+    ret = lduw_p(g2h(ptr));
+    clear_helper_retaddr();
+    return ret;
+}
+
+uint32_t cpu_ldl_code(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr)
+{
+    uint32_t ret;
+
+    set_helper_retaddr(1);
+    ret = ldl_p(g2h(ptr));
+    clear_helper_retaddr();
+    return ret;
+}
+
+uint64_t cpu_ldq_code(CPUArchState *env, abi_ptr ptr)
+{
+    uint64_t ret;
+
+    set_helper_retaddr(1);
+    ret = ldq_p(g2h(ptr));
+    clear_helper_retaddr();
+    return ret;
+}
+
 /* Do not allow unaligned operations to proceed.  Return the host address.  */
 static void *atomic_mmu_lookup(CPUArchState *env, target_ulong addr,
                                int size, uintptr_t retaddr)
