diff --git a/tests/test-replication.c b/tests/test-replication.c
index e0b03dafc2..9ab3666a90 100644
--- a/tests/test-replication.c
+++ b/tests/test-replication.c
@@ -1,605 +1,609 @@
-/*
- * Block replication tests
- *
- * Copyright (c) 2016 FUJITSU LIMITED
- * Author: Changlong Xie <xiecl.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
- *
- * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or
- * later.  See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
- */
-
-#include "qemu/osdep.h"
-
-#include "qapi/error.h"
-#include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
-#include "qemu/option.h"
-#include "qemu/main-loop.h"
-#include "replication.h"
-#include "block/block_int.h"
-#include "block/qdict.h"
-#include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
-
-#define IMG_SIZE (64 * 1024 * 1024)
-
-/* primary */
-#define P_ID "primary-id"
-static char p_local_disk[] = "/tmp/p_local_disk.XXXXXX";
-
-/* secondary */
-#define S_ID "secondary-id"
-#define S_LOCAL_DISK_ID "secondary-local-disk-id"
-static char s_local_disk[] = "/tmp/s_local_disk.XXXXXX";
-static char s_active_disk[] = "/tmp/s_active_disk.XXXXXX";
-static char s_hidden_disk[] = "/tmp/s_hidden_disk.XXXXXX";
-
-/* FIXME: steal from blockdev.c */
-QemuOptsList qemu_drive_opts = {
-    .name = "drive",
-    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_drive_opts.head),
-    .desc = {
-        { /* end of list */ }
-    },
-};
-
-#define NOT_DONE 0x7fffffff
-
-static void blk_rw_done(void *opaque, int ret)
-{
-    *(int *)opaque = ret;
-}
-
-static void test_blk_read(BlockBackend *blk, long pattern,
-                          int64_t pattern_offset, int64_t pattern_count,
-                          int64_t offset, int64_t count,
-                          bool expect_failed)
-{
-    void *pattern_buf = NULL;
-    QEMUIOVector qiov;
-    void *cmp_buf = NULL;
-    int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
-
-    if (pattern) {
-        cmp_buf = g_malloc(pattern_count);
-        memset(cmp_buf, pattern, pattern_count);
-    }
-
-    pattern_buf = g_malloc(count);
-    if (pattern) {
-        memset(pattern_buf, pattern, count);
-    } else {
-        memset(pattern_buf, 0x00, count);
-    }
-
-    qemu_iovec_init(&qiov, 1);
-    qemu_iovec_add(&qiov, pattern_buf, count);
-
-    blk_aio_preadv(blk, offset, &qiov, 0, blk_rw_done, &async_ret);
-    while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
-        main_loop_wait(false);
-    }
-
-    if (expect_failed) {
-        g_assert(async_ret != 0);
-    } else {
-        g_assert(async_ret == 0);
-        if (pattern) {
-            g_assert(memcmp(pattern_buf + pattern_offset,
-                            cmp_buf, pattern_count) <= 0);
-        }
-    }
-
-    g_free(pattern_buf);
-    g_free(cmp_buf);
-    qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
-}
-
-static void test_blk_write(BlockBackend *blk, long pattern, int64_t offset,
-                           int64_t count, bool expect_failed)
-{
-    void *pattern_buf = NULL;
-    QEMUIOVector qiov;
-    int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
-
-    pattern_buf = g_malloc(count);
-    if (pattern) {
-        memset(pattern_buf, pattern, count);
-    } else {
-        memset(pattern_buf, 0x00, count);
-    }
-
-    qemu_iovec_init(&qiov, 1);
-    qemu_iovec_add(&qiov, pattern_buf, count);
-
-    blk_aio_pwritev(blk, offset, &qiov, 0, blk_rw_done, &async_ret);
-    while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
-        main_loop_wait(false);
-    }
-
-    if (expect_failed) {
-        g_assert(async_ret != 0);
-    } else {
-        g_assert(async_ret == 0);
-    }
-
-    g_free(pattern_buf);
-    qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
-}
-
-/*
- * Create a uniquely-named empty temporary file.
- */
-static void make_temp(char *template)
-{
-    int fd;
-
-    fd = mkstemp(template);
-    g_assert(fd >= 0);
-    close(fd);
-}
-
-static void prepare_imgs(void)
-{
-    make_temp(p_local_disk);
-    make_temp(s_local_disk);
-    make_temp(s_active_disk);
-    make_temp(s_hidden_disk);
-
-    /* Primary */
-    bdrv_img_create(p_local_disk, "qcow2", NULL, NULL, NULL, IMG_SIZE,
-                    BDRV_O_RDWR, true, &error_abort);
-
-    /* Secondary */
-    bdrv_img_create(s_local_disk, "qcow2", NULL, NULL, NULL, IMG_SIZE,
-                    BDRV_O_RDWR, true, &error_abort);
-    bdrv_img_create(s_active_disk, "qcow2", NULL, NULL, NULL, IMG_SIZE,
-                    BDRV_O_RDWR, true, &error_abort);
-    bdrv_img_create(s_hidden_disk, "qcow2", NULL, NULL, NULL, IMG_SIZE,
-                    BDRV_O_RDWR, true, &error_abort);
-}
-
-static void cleanup_imgs(void)
-{
-    /* Primary */
-    unlink(p_local_disk);
-
-    /* Secondary */
-    unlink(s_local_disk);
-    unlink(s_active_disk);
-    unlink(s_hidden_disk);
-}
-
-static BlockBackend *start_primary(void)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    QemuOpts *opts;
-    QDict *qdict;
-    char *cmdline;
-
-    cmdline = g_strdup_printf("driver=replication,mode=primary,node-name=xxx,"
-                              "file.driver=qcow2,file.file.filename=%s,"
-                              "file.file.locking=off"
-                              , p_local_disk);
-    opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_drive_opts, cmdline, false);
-    g_free(cmdline);
-
-    qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
-    qdict_set_default_str(qdict, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_DIRECT, "off");
-    qdict_set_default_str(qdict, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_NO_FLUSH, "off");
-
-    blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, qdict, BDRV_O_RDWR, &error_abort);
-    g_assert(blk);
-
-    monitor_add_blk(blk, P_ID, &error_abort);
-
-    qemu_opts_del(opts);
-
-    return blk;
-}
-
-static void teardown_primary(void)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    AioContext *ctx;
-
-    /* remove P_ID */
-    blk = blk_by_name(P_ID);
-    assert(blk);
-
-    ctx = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    aio_context_acquire(ctx);
-    monitor_remove_blk(blk);
-    blk_unref(blk);
-    aio_context_release(ctx);
-}
-
-static void test_primary_read(void)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-
-    blk = start_primary();
-
-    /* read from 0 to IMG_SIZE */
-    test_blk_read(blk, 0, 0, IMG_SIZE, 0, IMG_SIZE, true);
-
-    teardown_primary();
-}
-
-static void test_primary_write(void)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-
-    blk = start_primary();
-
-    /* write from 0 to IMG_SIZE */
-    test_blk_write(blk, 0, 0, IMG_SIZE, true);
-
-    teardown_primary();
-}
-
-static void test_primary_start(void)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
-
-    blk = start_primary();
-
-    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_PRIMARY, &error_abort);
-
-    /* read from 0 to IMG_SIZE */
-    test_blk_read(blk, 0, 0, IMG_SIZE, 0, IMG_SIZE, true);
-
-    /* write 0x22 from 0 to IMG_SIZE */
-    test_blk_write(blk, 0x22, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
-
-    teardown_primary();
-}
-
-static void test_primary_stop(void)
-{
-    bool failover = true;
-
-    start_primary();
-
-    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_PRIMARY, &error_abort);
-
-    replication_stop_all(failover, &error_abort);
-
-    teardown_primary();
-}
-
-static void test_primary_do_checkpoint(void)
-{
-    start_primary();
-
-    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_PRIMARY, &error_abort);
-
-    replication_do_checkpoint_all(&error_abort);
-
-    teardown_primary();
-}
-
-static void test_primary_get_error_all(void)
-{
-    start_primary();
-
-    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_PRIMARY, &error_abort);
-
-    replication_get_error_all(&error_abort);
-
-    teardown_primary();
-}
-
-static BlockBackend *start_secondary(void)
-{
-    QemuOpts *opts;
-    QDict *qdict;
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    char *cmdline;
-
-    /* add s_local_disk and forge S_LOCAL_DISK_ID */
-    cmdline = g_strdup_printf("file.filename=%s,driver=qcow2,"
-                              "file.locking=off",
-                              s_local_disk);
-    opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_drive_opts, cmdline, false);
-    g_free(cmdline);
-
-    qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
-    qdict_set_default_str(qdict, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_DIRECT, "off");
-    qdict_set_default_str(qdict, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_NO_FLUSH, "off");
-
-    blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, qdict, BDRV_O_RDWR, &error_abort);
-    assert(blk);
-    monitor_add_blk(blk, S_LOCAL_DISK_ID, &error_abort);
-
-    /* format s_local_disk with pattern "0x11" */
-    test_blk_write(blk, 0x11, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
-
-    qemu_opts_del(opts);
-
-    /* add S_(ACTIVE/HIDDEN)_DISK and forge S_ID */
-    cmdline = g_strdup_printf("driver=replication,mode=secondary,top-id=%s,"
-                              "file.driver=qcow2,file.file.filename=%s,"
-                              "file.file.locking=off,"
-                              "file.backing.driver=qcow2,"
-                              "file.backing.file.filename=%s,"
-                              "file.backing.file.locking=off,"
-                              "file.backing.backing=%s"
-                              , S_ID, s_active_disk, s_hidden_disk
-                              , S_LOCAL_DISK_ID);
-    opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_drive_opts, cmdline, false);
-    g_free(cmdline);
-
-    qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
-    qdict_set_default_str(qdict, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_DIRECT, "off");
-    qdict_set_default_str(qdict, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_NO_FLUSH, "off");
-
-    blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, qdict, BDRV_O_RDWR, &error_abort);
-    assert(blk);
-    monitor_add_blk(blk, S_ID, &error_abort);
-
-    qemu_opts_del(opts);
-
-    return blk;
-}
-
-static void teardown_secondary(void)
-{
-    /* only need to destroy two BBs */
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-    AioContext *ctx;
-
-    /* remove S_LOCAL_DISK_ID */
-    blk = blk_by_name(S_LOCAL_DISK_ID);
-    assert(blk);
-
-    ctx = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    aio_context_acquire(ctx);
-    monitor_remove_blk(blk);
-    blk_unref(blk);
-    aio_context_release(ctx);
-
-    /* remove S_ID */
-    blk = blk_by_name(S_ID);
-    assert(blk);
-
-    ctx = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
-    aio_context_acquire(ctx);
-    monitor_remove_blk(blk);
-    blk_unref(blk);
-    aio_context_release(ctx);
-}
-
-static void test_secondary_read(void)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-
-    blk = start_secondary();
-
-    /* read from 0 to IMG_SIZE */
-    test_blk_read(blk, 0, 0, IMG_SIZE, 0, IMG_SIZE, true);
-
-    teardown_secondary();
-}
-
-static void test_secondary_write(void)
-{
-    BlockBackend *blk;
-
-    blk = start_secondary();
-
-    /* write from 0 to IMG_SIZE */
-    test_blk_write(blk, 0, 0, IMG_SIZE, true);
-
-    teardown_secondary();
-}
-
-static void test_secondary_start(void)
-{
-    BlockBackend *top_blk, *local_blk;
-    bool failover = true;
-
-    top_blk = start_secondary();
-    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_SECONDARY, &error_abort);
-
-    /* read from s_local_disk (0, IMG_SIZE) */
-    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x11, 0, IMG_SIZE, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
-
-    /* write 0x22 to s_local_disk (IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE) */
-    local_blk = blk_by_name(S_LOCAL_DISK_ID);
-    test_blk_write(local_blk, 0x22, IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
-
-    /* replication will backup s_local_disk to s_hidden_disk */
-    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x11, IMG_SIZE / 2,
-                  IMG_SIZE / 2, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
-
-    /* write 0x33 to s_active_disk (0, IMG_SIZE / 2) */
-    test_blk_write(top_blk, 0x33, 0, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
-
-    /* read from s_active_disk (0, IMG_SIZE/2) */
-    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x33, 0, IMG_SIZE / 2,
-                  0, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
-
-    /* unblock top_bs */
-    replication_stop_all(failover, &error_abort);
-
-    teardown_secondary();
-}
-
-
-static void test_secondary_stop(void)
-{
-    BlockBackend *top_blk, *local_blk;
-    bool failover = true;
-
-    top_blk = start_secondary();
-    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_SECONDARY, &error_abort);
-
-    /* write 0x22 to s_local_disk (IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE) */
-    local_blk = blk_by_name(S_LOCAL_DISK_ID);
-    test_blk_write(local_blk, 0x22, IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
-
-    /* replication will backup s_local_disk to s_hidden_disk */
-    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x11, IMG_SIZE / 2,
-                  IMG_SIZE / 2, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
-
-    /* write 0x33 to s_active_disk (0, IMG_SIZE / 2) */
-    test_blk_write(top_blk, 0x33, 0, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
-
-    /* do active commit */
-    replication_stop_all(failover, &error_abort);
-
-    /* read from s_local_disk (0, IMG_SIZE / 2) */
-    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x33, 0, IMG_SIZE / 2,
-                  0, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
-
-
-    /* read from s_local_disk (IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE) */
-    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x22, IMG_SIZE / 2,
-                  IMG_SIZE / 2, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
-
-    teardown_secondary();
-}
-
-static void test_secondary_continuous_replication(void)
-{
-    BlockBackend *top_blk, *local_blk;
-
-    top_blk = start_secondary();
-    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_SECONDARY, &error_abort);
-
-    /* write 0x22 to s_local_disk (IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE) */
-    local_blk = blk_by_name(S_LOCAL_DISK_ID);
-    test_blk_write(local_blk, 0x22, IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
-
-    /* replication will backup s_local_disk to s_hidden_disk */
-    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x11, IMG_SIZE / 2,
-                  IMG_SIZE / 2, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
-
-    /* write 0x33 to s_active_disk (0, IMG_SIZE / 2) */
-    test_blk_write(top_blk, 0x33, 0, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
-
-    /* do failover (active commit) */
-    replication_stop_all(true, &error_abort);
-
-    /* it should ignore all requests from now on */
-
-    /* start after failover */
-    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_PRIMARY, &error_abort);
-
-    /* checkpoint */
-    replication_do_checkpoint_all(&error_abort);
-
-    /* stop */
-    replication_stop_all(true, &error_abort);
-
-    /* read from s_local_disk (0, IMG_SIZE / 2) */
-    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x33, 0, IMG_SIZE / 2,
-                  0, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
-
-
-    /* read from s_local_disk (IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE) */
-    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x22, IMG_SIZE / 2,
-                  IMG_SIZE / 2, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
-
-    teardown_secondary();
-}
-
-static void test_secondary_do_checkpoint(void)
-{
-    BlockBackend *top_blk, *local_blk;
-    bool failover = true;
-
-    top_blk = start_secondary();
-    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_SECONDARY, &error_abort);
-
-    /* write 0x22 to s_local_disk (IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE) */
-    local_blk = blk_by_name(S_LOCAL_DISK_ID);
-    test_blk_write(local_blk, 0x22, IMG_SIZE / 2,
-                   IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
-
-    /* replication will backup s_local_disk to s_hidden_disk */
-    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x11, IMG_SIZE / 2,
-                  IMG_SIZE / 2, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
-
-    replication_do_checkpoint_all(&error_abort);
-
-    /* after checkpoint, read pattern 0x22 from s_local_disk */
-    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x22, IMG_SIZE / 2,
-                  IMG_SIZE / 2, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
-
-    /* unblock top_bs */
-    replication_stop_all(failover, &error_abort);
-
-    teardown_secondary();
-}
-
-static void test_secondary_get_error_all(void)
-{
-    bool failover = true;
-
-    start_secondary();
-    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_SECONDARY, &error_abort);
-
-    replication_get_error_all(&error_abort);
-
-    /* unblock top_bs */
-    replication_stop_all(failover, &error_abort);
-
-    teardown_secondary();
-}
-
-static void sigabrt_handler(int signo)
-{
-    cleanup_imgs();
-}
-
-static void setup_sigabrt_handler(void)
-{
-    struct sigaction sigact;
-
-    sigact = (struct sigaction) {
-        .sa_handler = sigabrt_handler,
-        .sa_flags = SA_RESETHAND,
-    };
-    sigemptyset(&sigact.sa_mask);
-    sigaction(SIGABRT, &sigact, NULL);
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-    int ret;
-    qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal);
-    bdrv_init();
-
-    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
-    setup_sigabrt_handler();
-
-    prepare_imgs();
-
-    /* Primary */
-    g_test_add_func("/replication/primary/read",    test_primary_read);
-    g_test_add_func("/replication/primary/write",   test_primary_write);
-    g_test_add_func("/replication/primary/start",   test_primary_start);
-    g_test_add_func("/replication/primary/stop",    test_primary_stop);
-    g_test_add_func("/replication/primary/do_checkpoint",
-                    test_primary_do_checkpoint);
-    g_test_add_func("/replication/primary/get_error_all",
-                    test_primary_get_error_all);
-
-    /* Secondary */
-    g_test_add_func("/replication/secondary/read",  test_secondary_read);
-    g_test_add_func("/replication/secondary/write", test_secondary_write);
-    g_test_add_func("/replication/secondary/start", test_secondary_start);
-    g_test_add_func("/replication/secondary/stop",  test_secondary_stop);
-    g_test_add_func("/replication/secondary/continuous_replication",
-                    test_secondary_continuous_replication);
-    g_test_add_func("/replication/secondary/do_checkpoint",
-                    test_secondary_do_checkpoint);
-    g_test_add_func("/replication/secondary/get_error_all",
-                    test_secondary_get_error_all);
-
-    ret = g_test_run();
-
-    cleanup_imgs();
-
-    return ret;
-}
+/*
+ * Block replication tests
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016 FUJITSU LIMITED
+ * Author: Changlong Xie <xiecl.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or
+ * later.  See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
+#include "qemu/option.h"
+#include "qemu/main-loop.h"
+#include "replication.h"
+#include "block/block_int.h"
+#include "block/qdict.h"
+#include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
+
+#define IMG_SIZE (64 * 1024 * 1024)
+
+/* primary */
+#define P_ID "primary-id"
+static char p_local_disk[] = "/tmp/p_local_disk.XXXXXX";
+
+/* secondary */
+#define S_ID "secondary-id"
+#define S_LOCAL_DISK_ID "secondary-local-disk-id"
+static char s_local_disk[] = "/tmp/s_local_disk.XXXXXX";
+static char s_active_disk[] = "/tmp/s_active_disk.XXXXXX";
+static char s_hidden_disk[] = "/tmp/s_hidden_disk.XXXXXX";
+
+/* FIXME: steal from blockdev.c */
+QemuOptsList qemu_drive_opts = {
+    .name = "drive",
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_drive_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        { /* end of list */ }
+    },
+};
+
+#define NOT_DONE 0x7fffffff
+
+static void blk_rw_done(void *opaque, int ret)
+{
+    *(int *)opaque = ret;
+}
+
+static void test_blk_read(BlockBackend *blk, long pattern,
+                          int64_t pattern_offset, int64_t pattern_count,
+                          int64_t offset, int64_t count,
+                          bool expect_failed)
+{
+    void *pattern_buf = NULL;
+    QEMUIOVector qiov;
+    void *cmp_buf = NULL;
+    int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
+
+    if (pattern) {
+        cmp_buf = g_malloc(pattern_count);
+        memset(cmp_buf, pattern, pattern_count);
+    }
+
+    pattern_buf = g_malloc(count);
+    if (pattern) {
+        memset(pattern_buf, pattern, count);
+    } else {
+        memset(pattern_buf, 0x00, count);
+    }
+
+    qemu_iovec_init(&qiov, 1);
+    qemu_iovec_add(&qiov, pattern_buf, count);
+
+    blk_aio_preadv(blk, offset, &qiov, 0, blk_rw_done, &async_ret);
+    while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
+        main_loop_wait(false);
+    }
+
+    if (expect_failed) {
+        g_assert(async_ret != 0);
+    } else {
+        g_assert(async_ret == 0);
+        if (pattern) {
+            g_assert(memcmp(pattern_buf + pattern_offset,
+                            cmp_buf, pattern_count) <= 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    g_free(pattern_buf);
+    g_free(cmp_buf);
+    qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
+}
+
+static void test_blk_write(BlockBackend *blk, long pattern, int64_t offset,
+                           int64_t count, bool expect_failed)
+{
+    void *pattern_buf = NULL;
+    QEMUIOVector qiov;
+    int async_ret = NOT_DONE;
+
+    pattern_buf = g_malloc(count);
+    if (pattern) {
+        memset(pattern_buf, pattern, count);
+    } else {
+        memset(pattern_buf, 0x00, count);
+    }
+
+    qemu_iovec_init(&qiov, 1);
+    qemu_iovec_add(&qiov, pattern_buf, count);
+
+    blk_aio_pwritev(blk, offset, &qiov, 0, blk_rw_done, &async_ret);
+    while (async_ret == NOT_DONE) {
+        main_loop_wait(false);
+    }
+
+    if (expect_failed) {
+        g_assert(async_ret != 0);
+    } else {
+        g_assert(async_ret == 0);
+    }
+
+    g_free(pattern_buf);
+    qemu_iovec_destroy(&qiov);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a uniquely-named empty temporary file.
+ */
+static void make_temp(char *template)
+{
+    int fd;
+
+    fd = mkstemp(template);
+    g_assert(fd >= 0);
+    close(fd);
+}
+
+static void prepare_imgs(void)
+{
+    make_temp(p_local_disk);
+    make_temp(s_local_disk);
+    make_temp(s_active_disk);
+    make_temp(s_hidden_disk);
+
+    /* Primary */
+    bdrv_img_create(p_local_disk, "qcow2", NULL, NULL, NULL, IMG_SIZE,
+                    BDRV_O_RDWR, true, &error_abort);
+
+    /* Secondary */
+    bdrv_img_create(s_local_disk, "qcow2", NULL, NULL, NULL, IMG_SIZE,
+                    BDRV_O_RDWR, true, &error_abort);
+    bdrv_img_create(s_active_disk, "qcow2", NULL, NULL, NULL, IMG_SIZE,
+                    BDRV_O_RDWR, true, &error_abort);
+    bdrv_img_create(s_hidden_disk, "qcow2", NULL, NULL, NULL, IMG_SIZE,
+                    BDRV_O_RDWR, true, &error_abort);
+}
+
+static void cleanup_imgs(void)
+{
+    /* Primary */
+    unlink(p_local_disk);
+
+    /* Secondary */
+    unlink(s_local_disk);
+    unlink(s_active_disk);
+    unlink(s_hidden_disk);
+}
+
+static BlockBackend *start_primary(void)
+{
+    BlockBackend *blk;
+    QemuOpts *opts;
+    QDict *qdict;
+    char *cmdline;
+
+    cmdline = g_strdup_printf("driver=replication,mode=primary,node-name=xxx,"
+                              "file.driver=qcow2,file.file.filename=%s,"
+                              "file.file.locking=off"
+                              , p_local_disk);
+    opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_drive_opts, cmdline, false);
+    g_free(cmdline);
+
+    qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
+    qdict_set_default_str(qdict, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_DIRECT, "off");
+    qdict_set_default_str(qdict, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_NO_FLUSH, "off");
+
+    blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, qdict, BDRV_O_RDWR, &error_abort);
+    g_assert(blk);
+
+    monitor_add_blk(blk, P_ID, &error_abort);
+
+    qemu_opts_del(opts);
+
+    return blk;
+}
+
+static void teardown_primary(void)
+{
+    BlockBackend *blk;
+    AioContext *ctx;
+
+    /* remove P_ID */
+    blk = blk_by_name(P_ID);
+    assert(blk);
+
+    ctx = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
+    aio_context_acquire(ctx);
+    monitor_remove_blk(blk);
+    blk_unref(blk);
+    aio_context_release(ctx);
+}
+
+static void test_primary_read(void)
+{
+    BlockBackend *blk;
+
+    blk = start_primary();
+
+    /* read from 0 to IMG_SIZE */
+    test_blk_read(blk, 0, 0, IMG_SIZE, 0, IMG_SIZE, true);
+
+    teardown_primary();
+}
+
+static void test_primary_write(void)
+{
+    BlockBackend *blk;
+
+    blk = start_primary();
+
+    /* write from 0 to IMG_SIZE */
+    test_blk_write(blk, 0, 0, IMG_SIZE, true);
+
+    teardown_primary();
+}
+
+static void test_primary_start(void)
+{
+    BlockBackend *blk = NULL;
+
+    blk = start_primary();
+
+    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_PRIMARY, &error_abort);
+
+    /* read from 0 to IMG_SIZE */
+    test_blk_read(blk, 0, 0, IMG_SIZE, 0, IMG_SIZE, true);
+
+    /* write 0x22 from 0 to IMG_SIZE */
+    test_blk_write(blk, 0x22, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
+
+    teardown_primary();
+}
+
+static void test_primary_stop(void)
+{
+    bool failover = true;
+
+    start_primary();
+
+    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_PRIMARY, &error_abort);
+
+    replication_stop_all(failover, &error_abort);
+
+    teardown_primary();
+}
+
+static void test_primary_do_checkpoint(void)
+{
+    start_primary();
+
+    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_PRIMARY, &error_abort);
+
+    replication_do_checkpoint_all(&error_abort);
+
+    teardown_primary();
+}
+
+static void test_primary_get_error_all(void)
+{
+    start_primary();
+
+    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_PRIMARY, &error_abort);
+
+    replication_get_error_all(&error_abort);
+
+    teardown_primary();
+}
+
+static BlockBackend *start_secondary(void)
+{
+    QemuOpts *opts;
+    QDict *qdict;
+    BlockBackend *blk;
+    char *cmdline;
+
+    /* add s_local_disk and forge S_LOCAL_DISK_ID */
+    cmdline = g_strdup_printf("file.filename=%s,driver=qcow2,"
+                              "file.locking=off",
+                              s_local_disk);
+    opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_drive_opts, cmdline, false);
+    g_free(cmdline);
+
+    qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
+    qdict_set_default_str(qdict, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_DIRECT, "off");
+    qdict_set_default_str(qdict, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_NO_FLUSH, "off");
+
+    blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, qdict, BDRV_O_RDWR, &error_abort);
+    assert(blk);
+    monitor_add_blk(blk, S_LOCAL_DISK_ID, &error_abort);
+
+    /* format s_local_disk with pattern "0x11" */
+    test_blk_write(blk, 0x11, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
+
+    qemu_opts_del(opts);
+
+    /* add S_(ACTIVE/HIDDEN)_DISK and forge S_ID */
+    cmdline = g_strdup_printf("driver=replication,mode=secondary,top-id=%s,"
+                              "file.driver=qcow2,file.file.filename=%s,"
+                              "file.file.locking=off,"
+                              "file.backing.driver=qcow2,"
+                              "file.backing.file.filename=%s,"
+                              "file.backing.file.locking=off,"
+                              "file.backing.backing=%s"
+                              , S_ID, s_active_disk, s_hidden_disk
+                              , S_LOCAL_DISK_ID);
+    opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_drive_opts, cmdline, false);
+    g_free(cmdline);
+
+    qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
+    qdict_set_default_str(qdict, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_DIRECT, "off");
+    qdict_set_default_str(qdict, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_NO_FLUSH, "off");
+
+    blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, qdict, BDRV_O_RDWR, &error_abort);
+    assert(blk);
+    monitor_add_blk(blk, S_ID, &error_abort);
+
+    qemu_opts_del(opts);
+
+    return blk;
+}
+
+static void teardown_secondary(void)
+{
+    /* only need to destroy two BBs */
+    BlockBackend *blk;
+    AioContext *ctx;
+
+    /* remove S_LOCAL_DISK_ID */
+    blk = blk_by_name(S_LOCAL_DISK_ID);
+    assert(blk);
+
+    ctx = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
+    aio_context_acquire(ctx);
+    monitor_remove_blk(blk);
+    blk_unref(blk);
+    aio_context_release(ctx);
+
+    /* remove S_ID */
+    blk = blk_by_name(S_ID);
+    assert(blk);
+
+    ctx = blk_get_aio_context(blk);
+    aio_context_acquire(ctx);
+    monitor_remove_blk(blk);
+    blk_unref(blk);
+    aio_context_release(ctx);
+}
+
+static void test_secondary_read(void)
+{
+    BlockBackend *blk;
+
+    blk = start_secondary();
+
+    /* read from 0 to IMG_SIZE */
+    test_blk_read(blk, 0, 0, IMG_SIZE, 0, IMG_SIZE, true);
+
+    teardown_secondary();
+}
+
+static void test_secondary_write(void)
+{
+    BlockBackend *blk;
+
+    blk = start_secondary();
+
+    /* write from 0 to IMG_SIZE */
+    test_blk_write(blk, 0, 0, IMG_SIZE, true);
+
+    teardown_secondary();
+}
+
+static void test_secondary_start(void)
+{
+    BlockBackend *top_blk, *local_blk;
+    bool failover = true;
+
+    top_blk = start_secondary();
+    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_SECONDARY, &error_abort);
+
+    /* read from s_local_disk (0, IMG_SIZE) */
+    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x11, 0, IMG_SIZE, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
+
+    /* write 0x22 to s_local_disk (IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE) */
+    local_blk = blk_by_name(S_LOCAL_DISK_ID);
+    test_blk_write(local_blk, 0x22, IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
+
+    /* replication will backup s_local_disk to s_hidden_disk */
+    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x11, IMG_SIZE / 2,
+                  IMG_SIZE / 2, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
+
+    /* write 0x33 to s_active_disk (0, IMG_SIZE / 2) */
+    test_blk_write(top_blk, 0x33, 0, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
+
+    /* read from s_active_disk (0, IMG_SIZE/2) */
+    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x33, 0, IMG_SIZE / 2,
+                  0, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
+
+    /* unblock top_bs */
+    replication_stop_all(failover, &error_abort);
+
+    teardown_secondary();
+}
+
+
+static void test_secondary_stop(void)
+{
+    BlockBackend *top_blk, *local_blk;
+    bool failover = true;
+
+    top_blk = start_secondary();
+    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_SECONDARY, &error_abort);
+
+    /* write 0x22 to s_local_disk (IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE) */
+    local_blk = blk_by_name(S_LOCAL_DISK_ID);
+    test_blk_write(local_blk, 0x22, IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
+
+    /* replication will backup s_local_disk to s_hidden_disk */
+    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x11, IMG_SIZE / 2,
+                  IMG_SIZE / 2, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
+
+    /* write 0x33 to s_active_disk (0, IMG_SIZE / 2) */
+    test_blk_write(top_blk, 0x33, 0, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
+
+    /* do active commit */
+    replication_stop_all(failover, &error_abort);
+
+    /* read from s_local_disk (0, IMG_SIZE / 2) */
+    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x33, 0, IMG_SIZE / 2,
+                  0, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
+
+
+    /* read from s_local_disk (IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE) */
+    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x22, IMG_SIZE / 2,
+                  IMG_SIZE / 2, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
+
+    teardown_secondary();
+}
+
+static void test_secondary_continuous_replication(void)
+{
+    BlockBackend *top_blk, *local_blk;
+
+    top_blk = start_secondary();
+    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_SECONDARY, &error_abort);
+
+    /* write 0x22 to s_local_disk (IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE) */
+    local_blk = blk_by_name(S_LOCAL_DISK_ID);
+    test_blk_write(local_blk, 0x22, IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
+
+    /* replication will backup s_local_disk to s_hidden_disk */
+    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x11, IMG_SIZE / 2,
+                  IMG_SIZE / 2, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
+
+    /* write 0x33 to s_active_disk (0, IMG_SIZE / 2) */
+    test_blk_write(top_blk, 0x33, 0, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
+
+    /* do failover (active commit) */
+    replication_stop_all(true, &error_abort);
+
+    /* it should ignore all requests from now on */
+
+    /* start after failover */
+    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_PRIMARY, &error_abort);
+
+    /* checkpoint */
+    replication_do_checkpoint_all(&error_abort);
+
+    /* stop */
+    replication_stop_all(true, &error_abort);
+
+    /* read from s_local_disk (0, IMG_SIZE / 2) */
+    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x33, 0, IMG_SIZE / 2,
+                  0, IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
+
+
+    /* read from s_local_disk (IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE) */
+    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x22, IMG_SIZE / 2,
+                  IMG_SIZE / 2, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
+
+    teardown_secondary();
+}
+
+static void test_secondary_do_checkpoint(void)
+{
+    BlockBackend *top_blk, *local_blk;
+    bool failover = true;
+
+    top_blk = start_secondary();
+    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_SECONDARY, &error_abort);
+
+    /* write 0x22 to s_local_disk (IMG_SIZE / 2, IMG_SIZE) */
+    local_blk = blk_by_name(S_LOCAL_DISK_ID);
+    test_blk_write(local_blk, 0x22, IMG_SIZE / 2,
+                   IMG_SIZE / 2, false);
+
+    /* replication will backup s_local_disk to s_hidden_disk */
+    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x11, IMG_SIZE / 2,
+                  IMG_SIZE / 2, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
+
+    replication_do_checkpoint_all(&error_abort);
+
+    /* after checkpoint, read pattern 0x22 from s_local_disk */
+    test_blk_read(top_blk, 0x22, IMG_SIZE / 2,
+                  IMG_SIZE / 2, 0, IMG_SIZE, false);
+
+    /* unblock top_bs */
+    replication_stop_all(failover, &error_abort);
+
+    teardown_secondary();
+}
+
+static void test_secondary_get_error_all(void)
+{
+    bool failover = true;
+
+    start_secondary();
+    replication_start_all(REPLICATION_MODE_SECONDARY, &error_abort);
+
+    replication_get_error_all(&error_abort);
+
+    /* unblock top_bs */
+    replication_stop_all(failover, &error_abort);
+
+    teardown_secondary();
+}
+
+static void sigabrt_handler(int signo)
+{
+    cleanup_imgs();
+}
+
+static void setup_sigabrt_handler(void)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    signal(SIGABRT, sigabrt_handler);
+#else
+    struct sigaction sigact;
+
+    sigact = (struct sigaction) {
+        .sa_handler = sigabrt_handler,
+        .sa_flags = SA_RESETHAND,
+    };
+    sigemptyset(&sigact.sa_mask);
+    sigaction(SIGABRT, &sigact, NULL);
+#endif
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    int ret;
+    qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal);
+    bdrv_init();
+
+    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
+    setup_sigabrt_handler();
+
+    prepare_imgs();
+
+    /* Primary */
+    g_test_add_func("/replication/primary/read",    test_primary_read);
+    g_test_add_func("/replication/primary/write",   test_primary_write);
+    g_test_add_func("/replication/primary/start",   test_primary_start);
+    g_test_add_func("/replication/primary/stop",    test_primary_stop);
+    g_test_add_func("/replication/primary/do_checkpoint",
+                    test_primary_do_checkpoint);
+    g_test_add_func("/replication/primary/get_error_all",
+                    test_primary_get_error_all);
+
+    /* Secondary */
+    g_test_add_func("/replication/secondary/read",  test_secondary_read);
+    g_test_add_func("/replication/secondary/write", test_secondary_write);
+    g_test_add_func("/replication/secondary/start", test_secondary_start);
+    g_test_add_func("/replication/secondary/stop",  test_secondary_stop);
+    g_test_add_func("/replication/secondary/continuous_replication",
+                    test_secondary_continuous_replication);
+    g_test_add_func("/replication/secondary/do_checkpoint",
+                    test_secondary_do_checkpoint);
+    g_test_add_func("/replication/secondary/get_error_all",
+                    test_secondary_get_error_all);
+
+    ret = g_test_run();
+
+    cleanup_imgs();
+
+    return ret;
+}
