diff --git a/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_ops.c b/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_ops.c
index 41fc2e4135fe..82b204f573b7 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_ops.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_ops.c
@@ -294,6 +294,21 @@ static int handle_pqap(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 	matrix_mdev = container_of(vcpu->kvm->arch.crypto.pqap_hook,
 				   struct ap_matrix_mdev, pqap_hook);
 
+	/*
+	 * If the KVM pointer is in the process of being set, wait until the
+	 * process has completed. Unlock the matrix_dev->lock while waiting to
+	 * allow the value of the KVM pointer to be set.
+	 */
+	while (matrix_mdev->kvm_busy) {
+		mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+		msleep(100);
+		mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	}
+
+	/* If the there is no guest using the mdev, there is nothing to do */
+	if (!matrix_mdev->kvm)
+		goto out_unlock;
+
 	q = vfio_ap_get_queue(matrix_mdev, apqn);
 	if (!q)
 		goto out_unlock;
@@ -350,8 +365,11 @@ static int vfio_ap_mdev_create(struct kobject *kobj, struct mdev_device *mdev)
 static int vfio_ap_mdev_remove(struct mdev_device *mdev)
 {
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev = mdev_get_drvdata(mdev);
-
-	if (matrix_mdev->kvm)
+	/*
+	 * If the KVM pointer is in flux or the guest is running, disallow
+	 * removal of the mdev
+	 */
+	if (matrix_mdev->kvm_busy || matrix_mdev->kvm)
 		return -EBUSY;
 
 	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
@@ -606,8 +624,11 @@ static ssize_t assign_adapter_store(struct device *dev,
 	struct mdev_device *mdev = mdev_from_dev(dev);
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev = mdev_get_drvdata(mdev);
 
-	/* If the guest is running, disallow assignment of adapter */
-	if (matrix_mdev->kvm)
+	/*
+	 * If the KVM pointer is in flux or the guest is running, disallow
+	 * un-assignment of adapter
+	 */
+	if (matrix_mdev->kvm_busy || matrix_mdev->kvm)
 		return -EBUSY;
 
 	ret = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &apid);
@@ -672,8 +693,11 @@ static ssize_t unassign_adapter_store(struct device *dev,
 	struct mdev_device *mdev = mdev_from_dev(dev);
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev = mdev_get_drvdata(mdev);
 
-	/* If the guest is running, disallow un-assignment of adapter */
-	if (matrix_mdev->kvm)
+	/*
+	 * If the KVM pointer is in flux or the guest is running, disallow
+	 * un-assignment of adapter
+	 */
+	if (matrix_mdev->kvm_busy || matrix_mdev->kvm)
 		return -EBUSY;
 
 	ret = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &apid);
@@ -753,8 +777,11 @@ static ssize_t assign_domain_store(struct device *dev,
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev = mdev_get_drvdata(mdev);
 	unsigned long max_apqi = matrix_mdev->matrix.aqm_max;
 
-	/* If the guest is running, disallow assignment of domain */
-	if (matrix_mdev->kvm)
+	/*
+	 * If the KVM pointer is in flux or the guest is running, disallow
+	 * un-assignment of domain
+	 */
+	if (matrix_mdev->kvm_busy || matrix_mdev->kvm)
 		return -EBUSY;
 
 	ret = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &apqi);
@@ -814,8 +841,11 @@ static ssize_t unassign_domain_store(struct device *dev,
 	struct mdev_device *mdev = mdev_from_dev(dev);
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev = mdev_get_drvdata(mdev);
 
-	/* If the guest is running, disallow un-assignment of domain */
-	if (matrix_mdev->kvm)
+	/*
+	 * If the KVM pointer is in flux or the guest is running, disallow
+	 * un-assignment of domain
+	 */
+	if (matrix_mdev->kvm_busy || matrix_mdev->kvm)
 		return -EBUSY;
 
 	ret = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &apqi);
@@ -858,8 +888,11 @@ static ssize_t assign_control_domain_store(struct device *dev,
 	struct mdev_device *mdev = mdev_from_dev(dev);
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev = mdev_get_drvdata(mdev);
 
-	/* If the guest is running, disallow assignment of control domain */
-	if (matrix_mdev->kvm)
+	/*
+	 * If the KVM pointer is in flux or the guest is running, disallow
+	 * un-assignment of control domain
+	 */
+	if (matrix_mdev->kvm_busy || matrix_mdev->kvm)
 		return -EBUSY;
 
 	ret = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &id);
@@ -908,8 +941,11 @@ static ssize_t unassign_control_domain_store(struct device *dev,
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev = mdev_get_drvdata(mdev);
 	unsigned long max_domid =  matrix_mdev->matrix.adm_max;
 
-	/* If the guest is running, disallow un-assignment of control domain */
-	if (matrix_mdev->kvm)
+	/*
+	 * If the KVM pointer is in flux or the guest is running, disallow
+	 * un-assignment of control domain
+	 */
+	if (matrix_mdev->kvm_busy || matrix_mdev->kvm)
 		return -EBUSY;
 
 	ret = kstrtoul(buf, 0, &domid);
@@ -1027,8 +1063,15 @@ static const struct attribute_group *vfio_ap_mdev_attr_groups[] = {
  * @matrix_mdev: a mediated matrix device
  * @kvm: reference to KVM instance
  *
- * Verifies no other mediated matrix device has @kvm and sets a reference to
- * it in @matrix_mdev->kvm.
+ * Sets all data for @matrix_mdev that are needed to manage AP resources
+ * for the guest whose state is represented by @kvm.
+ *
+ * Note: The matrix_dev->lock must be taken prior to calling
+ * this function; however, the lock will be temporarily released while the
+ * guest's AP configuration is set to avoid a potential lockdep splat.
+ * The kvm->lock is taken to set the guest's AP configuration which, under
+ * certain circumstances, will result in a circular lock dependency if this is
+ * done under the @matrix_mdev->lock.
  *
  * Return 0 if no other mediated matrix device has a reference to @kvm;
  * otherwise, returns an -EPERM.
@@ -1043,9 +1086,18 @@ static int vfio_ap_mdev_set_kvm(struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev,
 			return -EPERM;
 	}
 
-	matrix_mdev->kvm = kvm;
-	kvm_get_kvm(kvm);
-	kvm->arch.crypto.pqap_hook = &matrix_mdev->pqap_hook;
+	if (kvm->arch.crypto.crycbd) {
+		matrix_mdev->kvm_busy = true;
+		kvm_get_kvm(kvm);
+		mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+		kvm_arch_crypto_set_masks(kvm,
+					  matrix_mdev->matrix.apm,
+					  matrix_mdev->matrix.aqm,
+					  matrix_mdev->matrix.adm);
+		mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+		matrix_mdev->kvm = kvm;
+		matrix_mdev->kvm_busy = false;
+	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1079,51 +1131,54 @@ static int vfio_ap_mdev_iommu_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb,
 	return NOTIFY_DONE;
 }
 
+/**
+ * vfio_ap_mdev_unset_kvm
+ *
+ * @matrix_mdev: a matrix mediated device
+ *
+ * Performs clean-up of resources no longer needed by @matrix_mdev.
+ *
+ * Note: The matrix_dev->lock must be taken prior to calling
+ * this function; however, the lock will be temporarily released while the
+ * guest's AP configuration is cleared to avoid a potential lockdep splat.
+ * The kvm->lock is taken to clear the guest's AP configuration which, under
+ * certain circumstances, will result in a circular lock dependency if this is
+ * done under the @matrix_mdev->lock.
+ *
+ */
 static void vfio_ap_mdev_unset_kvm(struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev)
 {
-	kvm_arch_crypto_clear_masks(matrix_mdev->kvm);
-	matrix_mdev->kvm->arch.crypto.pqap_hook = NULL;
-	vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queues(matrix_mdev->mdev);
-	kvm_put_kvm(matrix_mdev->kvm);
-	matrix_mdev->kvm = NULL;
+	if (matrix_mdev->kvm) {
+		matrix_mdev->kvm_busy = true;
+		mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+		kvm_arch_crypto_clear_masks(matrix_mdev->kvm);
+		mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+		vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queues(matrix_mdev->mdev);
+		kvm_put_kvm(matrix_mdev->kvm);
+		matrix_mdev->kvm = NULL;
+		matrix_mdev->kvm_busy = false;
+	}
 }
 
 static int vfio_ap_mdev_group_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb,
 				       unsigned long action, void *data)
 {
-	int ret, notify_rc = NOTIFY_OK;
+	int notify_rc = NOTIFY_OK;
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev;
 
 	if (action != VFIO_GROUP_NOTIFY_SET_KVM)
 		return NOTIFY_OK;
 
-	matrix_mdev = container_of(nb, struct ap_matrix_mdev, group_notifier);
 	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	matrix_mdev = container_of(nb, struct ap_matrix_mdev, group_notifier);
 
-	if (!data) {
-		if (matrix_mdev->kvm)
-			vfio_ap_mdev_unset_kvm(matrix_mdev);
-		goto notify_done;
-	}
-
-	ret = vfio_ap_mdev_set_kvm(matrix_mdev, data);
-	if (ret) {
-		notify_rc = NOTIFY_DONE;
-		goto notify_done;
-	}
-
-	/* If there is no CRYCB pointer, then we can't copy the masks */
-	if (!matrix_mdev->kvm->arch.crypto.crycbd) {
+	if (!data)
+		vfio_ap_mdev_unset_kvm(matrix_mdev);
+	else if (vfio_ap_mdev_set_kvm(matrix_mdev, data))
 		notify_rc = NOTIFY_DONE;
-		goto notify_done;
-	}
-
-	kvm_arch_crypto_set_masks(matrix_mdev->kvm, matrix_mdev->matrix.apm,
-				  matrix_mdev->matrix.aqm,
-				  matrix_mdev->matrix.adm);
 
-notify_done:
 	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+
 	return notify_rc;
 }
 
@@ -1258,8 +1313,20 @@ static void vfio_ap_mdev_release(struct mdev_device *mdev)
 	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev = mdev_get_drvdata(mdev);
 
 	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	/*
+	 * If the KVM pointer is in the process of being set, wait until the
+	 * process has completed. Unlock the matrix_dev->lock while waiting to
+	 * allow the value of the KVM pointer to be set.
+	 */
+	while (matrix_mdev->kvm_busy) {
+		mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+		msleep(100);
+		mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
+	}
+
 	if (matrix_mdev->kvm)
 		vfio_ap_mdev_unset_kvm(matrix_mdev);
+
 	mutex_unlock(&matrix_dev->lock);
 
 	vfio_unregister_notifier(mdev_dev(mdev), VFIO_IOMMU_NOTIFY,
@@ -1293,6 +1360,7 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ap_mdev_ioctl(struct mdev_device *mdev,
 				    unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 {
 	int ret;
+	struct ap_matrix_mdev *matrix_mdev;
 
 	mutex_lock(&matrix_dev->lock);
 	switch (cmd) {
@@ -1300,7 +1368,12 @@ static ssize_t vfio_ap_mdev_ioctl(struct mdev_device *mdev,
 		ret = vfio_ap_mdev_get_device_info(arg);
 		break;
 	case VFIO_DEVICE_RESET:
-		ret = vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queues(mdev);
+		matrix_mdev = mdev_get_drvdata(mdev);
+
+		if (matrix_mdev->kvm_busy)
+			ret = -EBUSY;
+		else
+			ret = vfio_ap_mdev_reset_queues(mdev);
 		break;
 	default:
 		ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
diff --git a/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_private.h b/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_private.h
index 28e9d9989768..d1c8d25a899e 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_private.h
+++ b/drivers/s390/crypto/vfio_ap_private.h
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ struct ap_matrix_mdev {
 	struct ap_matrix matrix;
 	struct notifier_block group_notifier;
 	struct notifier_block iommu_notifier;
+	bool kvm_busy;
 	struct kvm *kvm;
 	struct kvm_s390_module_hook pqap_hook;
 	struct mdev_device *mdev;
